Establish and adjust the marketing mix Essay

Promotions are not just aimed at increasing usage of the products. Followings are five other specific promotional aims. Sales Growth There have two term of campaigns, long term and short term campaigns. In a short-term, the main aim would be to drive revenues or cash flow, it also trigger the buyer actions. In the long-term campaign, the main aim would be intended to lead optimized profit margins. Especially for a new business they might aim to build a customer base in order to cover new start-up business costs and maintain a sustainable business. For the established companies, their aim would be to generate more business during slow or off season periods, and to expand the business into the newer markets. Brand Recognition One of the most popular promotional objectives would be building or maintaining brand recognition. The objective is to let customers or people know and well recognized your brand logo, other symbols or characters. Customers identify it with your company and hopefully associated with good impression to it, this might lead to customers will advertise our brand to his/her friends. It also gives people something to remember you by , that helps the business stand out even more. Understanding and connecting with the image of your brand is critical to long-term customer’s loyalty and profits. Purchase Intent As customers become more familiar with your brand, the next stage is to motivate purchase intent. The goal is to eliminate, neutralize or blocks the efforts of competitors to grab market share. You need to lure customers away from aggressive competitors. Promotional activities can be used such as refreshing trial use, encouraging existing customers to consume more quantity it occurs when customers are satisfied and can see no reason to buy  form another company and more frequency and getting customers to switch from competing options. Some customers are so satisfied with your services they cannot imagine shopping somewhere else A variety of promotional tools are used in this endeavor, including free trial offers or first-time buyer discounts Create Awareness Increased market awareness is a primary promotional objective. A mature product that is providing something new such as a product improvement or enhancement can also turn to promotion. A product that’s new to the marketplace will need promotion to be introduced to consumers. In all these cases, the objective is to make noise in the market that results in sales. Goodwill One ongoing objective of companies is to promote goodwill with the public and also public relation campaign. Staying active in community activities and giving to charities are common promotional tools with public relationship. Coinciding with building and maintaining goodwill, public relationship and other promotional campaigns are sometimes used to combat negative publicity already festering. Wal-Mart often uses advertising to promote positive attributes of the company in the face of criticism for some of its business practices.

Metrics for GGI

The marketing approach for the implementation of the GGI procedure can be measured using several metrics. In this aspect, it would be more available for the business owners to realize how to go about the recommended processes in increasing the commercial exposure of the products. As what has been recommended previously, the significant marketing plan for the GGI commodities is advertising dealing with media facilities such as direct marketing, TV ads, radio plugs, print distribution and electronic promotions. In order to measure how each of these promotional plans are performing with respect to total profitability outputs, certain marketing metrics can be applied. In the case of GGI, items are sold through different channels of dealers, sub-dealers and retailers. However, to get hold of the natural response of the consumers to the promotional scheme, it would be advisable for the company to target measuring the metrics based on the lowest scale of transactions-the end users or the retailers. In this way, the overall flow of the products and the profit value being acquired can provide the most exact metric data for the business. The implementation of metrics needs to be separated in each of the marketing plan approaches. Advertising does not really measure how many products were sold, but can actually measure how the products’ commercial appeal will project metrics (Curtis, 2002). Electronic Approach-The best possible measuring technique for this advertising process is to measure the amount of positive responses based on e-mail replies from the consumers. Since mail database promotions were used, the actual response rate of the end users can be tallied or structured in a database which can count the frequency of the response in a limited time frame. The basic recommendation which the team can apply to this metric is that if in a succession of time frame the hits on websites and the e-mail responses increase with respect to the previous measuring interval, then additional investments can be made to make the channels more visually or commercially appealing. In terms of the website promotion, the metrics which can be used to measure the efficiency of the channel is to integrate a visit counter within the web pages. In this aspect, the company will be able to monitor how many hits per day are initiated by the online consumers on the website. Of course, it does not readily equate to sales, but the very aspect of monitoring the visits can create a very good projection of sales values. TV and Radio Advertising-In terms of the conventional mediums of advertising, the survey method can be used as the primary metrics for the efficiency of these media units. Of course, it may be difficult for the company to increase their processes within the broadcast network’s ability to expose the GGI products. But what can be done is to regularly set up survey procedures at least once a month. The metrics to be used should focus on how the respondents were greatly influenced to buy the products based on their exposure to TV and Radio advertisements. By the time the results are obtained, the team may be able to recommend purchasing additional time slots for these media ads. But before it can be done, survey results must first provide whether there is a direct relationship between consumer purchase and TV and radio ad exposures. This can be statistically measured using correlation and regression computations. Flyers, Posters, Retailer Promotion-The last suggestion for advertising is under the scope of non-electronic mediums. This is the most basic form of measuring metrics since the retailers and dealers themselves will get to construct their respective databases on how much sales they were able to produce. Moreover, each store will definitely have tallied numbers of purchases of specific items distributed by GGI. Therefore, the company will be able to immediately measure the success of the ad campaign in a given time interval. To make use of these metrics, the most effective process is to identify the market share earned by each partner retailers. Also, each of these units may capture the true flow of consumer preference by seasonally implementing Customer Relationship Management. Fabricated scorecards are always available in the market to help the retailers produce a reliable set of sales data (Miller, 2007). In an overall scale, the best metrics to use for GGI is to take note of its ROI or Return of Investment Values. This can only be computed if the company was able to dispose all of the products in a batch for a particular time frame Also, it is only possible for the business to measure such metric if all the initial investments were already acquired back. The remaining accounts receivable balance will then project the initial profit margin of the company. This will provide greater prediction strengths whether the marketing campaign was successful or needs improvement. Therefore, GGI might first consider improving its promotional campaign on the lowest level of advertising in the retailer units since these partners are the primary remitter of investment and profit value shares. At the present stage of GGI which is supposedly very young, the best metric to maintain is the ROI analysis. Since the investment values are still very fresh and somewhat conservative, it would be ideal to limit the creation of secondary analysis such as surveys and database management because these require additional investment expenses. Even though ROI exceeds surveys costs most of the time (Yun Lee, 2007), additional expenses will not be ideal for a starting business. With ROI, the only required tools are the company files and financial utilities based on the flow of products and acquisition of sales money. Apparently, knowing the most effective marketing metrics can save the company time and effort in allocating budget allowances (Cohen, 2007). References Cohen, J. 2007. Make More Money with Marketing Metrics. About.Com. Retrieved December 26, 2007 from http://marketing.about.com/od/marketingplanandstrategy/a/mrktgmetric.htm. Curtis, E. 2002. Commercial Exposure. Dental Editors. Retrieved December 26, 2007 Miller, S. 2007. How Important is Productivity Measurement in Retail Stores?. Ezine Articles. Retrieved December 26, 2007 from http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Important-is-Productivity-Measurement-in-Retail-Stores?&id=812937. Yun Lee, M. 2007. Conducting Surveys and Focus Groups. Entrepreneur.com. Retrieved December 26, 2007 from

Rap and Hip Hop Culture

It was 1977, and the Summer of Sam was in full swing in New York. But in the neighborhoods and housing projects of the â€Å"boogie down† Bronx New York, a new art form was developing called Hip Hop. This new art form would change America and transcend a generation forever with its influences on fashion, music, and lifestyle. Hip Hop is an urban lifestyle that consists of different subgenres of music such as rap, â€Å"old school† rap and â€Å"gangsta† rap. In my paragraph, I’m going to do a comparison on hip hop and rap. On the surface, they may seem the same, but their just as different as they are alike. In the hip hop subculture, two of the most standard types of music are called rap and hip hop. But there is a thin, fine line that defines the differences between rap and hip hop. In my opinion and many other fans and followers opinions, is that hip hop is a culture, that consists of more things than just music. From clothes styles, slang words, and dances such as breakdancing and more current dances like â€Å"Teach Me How to Dougie†. While rap is a style of music that comes from the culture and has many different genres like â€Å"Old School† and â€Å"Gangsta† rap an is expressed through spoken word to a beat. Hip hop and rap are the same yet so different, because rap is hip hop but hip hop can never be rap. Because Hip Hop is the culture itself, and rap is how the culture explains itself through rhythmic beat and spoken word. In recent years, hip hop has been portrayed in the media as a bad thing. But for anyone who knows and loves the roots of this American icon called hip hop, knows that hip hop music and culture isn’t always negative, and never was conceived and given to the masses of people to start a negative based culture in which it is portrayed today. I am Hip Hop; and yes I do love her.

Truman's Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Truman's Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb - Essay Example There were discussions on several occasions about the need to warn the Japanese civilians on an impending attack. While on the surface this seems morally admirable, it was considered a vain action and may have imperiled millions of civilians and military personnel.2 By June 1 1945, the industrial infrastructure had been decimated, but Japan showed no signs of surrendering.3 The unwillingness of Japan to reach a military surrender prompted the Truman administration to pursue the plan of using the bomb. Though it would ultimately be Truman's decision, he carefully considered the other options and weighed the opinions of his closest advisors. The Truman administration had little trust in Russia's long-term intentions in regards to the Asian continent. There were millions of American and Japanese lives at stake. Truman's decision would involve all these stakeholders in a Kohlberg stage five thinking that recognized "...national self-interest itself must be limited and compromised".4 Truman had reached a moral decision based on the interests of the world at large, and the stakeholders involved. Truman has been criticized for acting in his own political interests. However, there was a plan on the table to warn Japan, but this plan was discarded due to the real possibility of the bomb being a dud5.

Comparing of service operation and manufacturing operations in the Essay

Comparing of service operation and manufacturing operations in the market - Essay Example As a result of research it was suggested that service or production operations are essential in any business as it bridges the customers and the manufacturers through provision of technical based for advancing business models. The operations are crucial to organizations due to guarantee of service delivery which is usually IT based. Despite the numerous services’ offered through service operations department, there are vast challenges experienced on how to monitor both simple and complex diverse business aspects that calls for deriving perfect solution in order to compete equally with other departments within organization. To grab an understanding of manufacturing operation it is adept to consider the meaning of manufacturing operation so as to create a perception of the subject; hence creating a baseline for comparison of its advantages to that of service operation. A manufacturer is an entity, enterprise or person that manufactures some product hence manufacture operations c an be described as a factory of company where merchandize and products are made from raw materials. Manufacturing process commences after obtaining raw materials which are then used to develop and process a finished product ready to be distributed or sold to the local citizens. However, manufacturing process is very sensitive as it designs and produce products that as supposed to convince the customers so that they would derive pleasure in the finished products. In order to obtain quality products (Drury, 2007, p. 74), it is the mandate of the manufacturers to work towards quality and taste to convince the consumers of the products availed in the market while service operations are aimed at providing perishable, intangible goods and services to the market for the public to buy (Camp, 2004, p. 24). Manufacturers in most cases do not sell directly to the consumers instead they trade with whole sellers and retailers hence, it is adept to consider manufacturers as the key players in pro duction and manufacturing sector (Hamilton, 2003, p. 17). In most cases service operations are aimed at easing the work of consumers and customers who would be struggling to obtain the services from then sources. However, since not every customer would be able to raise the minimum amount required to acquire products directly from the manufactures, the service operations providers would act as links between the product manufacturers and the consumers hence, it is the work of the manufacturers to derive products that would persuade the consumers (Swammidass, 2000, p. 52). The service operations organizations are challenged to design better processes of delivering services so that customers would recommend further the functions of service operations for instance, in the manufacturing operation, products have to undergo extensive checks to affirm that the availed products are in accordance with the requirements. For instance, the product composition should compose of the

Rights and freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rights and freedom - Essay Example This paper will feature analysis of the clauses of the First Amendment of the United States Constitutions, examine the significance of the Bill of Rights and discuss the process of amendment of the Constitution. There are several freedoms which are guaranteed by the Constitutions which are extremely relevant to me personally. First of all, it is the freedom of speech. I strongly agree with the scholars who point out that the existence of a clause that allows people to express themselves freely might be regarded as a reflection of a healthy as well as fully developed political environment (Anastaplo, 2007, 150). I do acknowledge that there are some reasonable limits when it comes to freedoms of speech; nevertheless, I am thankful that no citizen is able to prevent me from speaking my mind out within the permitted framework. If even I write this paper, I know that I can put all my thoughts as they exist in my mind and insist on the validity of my claims even though they might contradict with the point of view of my classmates or my professor. The next freedom which directly applies to me is freedom of peaceful assembly. Thus, I have adopted a proactive civil position and consider it important to express my mind about the social issues which, in my opinion, should be resolved so that the society where I live might prosper. I think that a fair share of the assemblies which I attended could not have happened if it had not been for this particular clause of the First Amendment. When it comes to analyzing the significance of the first ten amendments which are usually referred to as the United States Bill of Rights, one can not exaggerate its significance. Indeed, the above mentioned amendments establish legal framework which guides behavior of the individuals in virtually every field of social life and does it in the most positive as well as effective manner. For example, other than the already

Module 5 - Case assigment-Business Ethics and Organizational Culture Essay

Module 5 - Case assigment-Business Ethics and Organizational Culture - Essay Example It is a cautionary tale of how to destroy a seemingly good corporation at the very peak of its success in the highly- competitive world of energy trading in a liberated but loosely regulated environment. Many things had connived to cause the unraveling of Enron, one of which was its wrong bet on the direction of the energy market. Prices were going south and so a desperate effort of covering up was undertaken, primarily that of off-balance sheet financial commitments. It was the perfect storm, so to speak, a confluence of negative events finally brought Enron down and taken positively, the failure of Enron brought about many positive changes in governance. A few examples of this benefit are today's increased vigilance, passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and reforms in the banking and financial sectors through stricter accounting reporting standards. Hopefully, Enron is the last of its kind of case, but one never knows for sure it will not repeat. This paper is a critical appraisal of the business ethics at Enron within the context of its organizational culture and how its leaders influenced and shaped that particular culture which in a way ultimately led to its spectacular end. Many things went wrong at Enron then but in a strange twist, no one raised a howl until it was too late. Enron is a classic case in business ethics. Discussion There are many different definitions of organizational culture, and several examples of its definition are given here. This is to give a general conceptual background of what it is and in a sense, what it is not. Organizational culture is the abstract but dynamic phenomenon observed in organizations that influences the people within that particular organization (Schein, 2010, p. 3) to think and act in certain prescribed ways acceptable to majority of its members. In this meaning of organizational culture, there is a certain emphasis on how culture is created through a series of constant exchanges between people, re-enacted and rei nforced by our interactions with the other people that are in turn shaped by our own conscious behavior. With this in mind, organizational culture implies a certain kind of rigidity that builds up stability within the organization, because it has coercive power on how people should feel, act, speak, think and do things in an acceptable manner that creates social order. In other words, organizational culture demands conformity. A slightly different meaning of organizational culture is the formal system of all shared meanings, values and viewpoints within an organization by which all members abide by (Divedi, 1995, p. 9); it positions the organization as something different from other similar organizations as it helps to define the basic or intrinsic nature of the said organization. Organizational culture can be structural in terms of its enduring characteristics which differentiate it as an organization, it can be subjective, in the way employees and members feel about the organizati on as a group, and lastly, it can be synthetic, which is a combination of both structural and subjective elements. It is the perceived subjective influence of the formal system within the organization, and coupled with the informal system of how its leaders and managers act and think, with all other factors. Another meaning of organi

Tactics and Strategies (for a business) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tactics and Strategies (for a business) - Essay Example Debts are an important strategy in providing financial support for the business. The use of equity should be substituted with debts which have a higher potential for financing the organization. Each of the shareholders needs to be aware of how they can generate value. The organization’s management should play the role of planning and incorporating decisions regarding finances and all the ventures that the organization undertakes, especially those involving cash flows in one way or another. It is important for the company to have wide-ranging customer strategies. These are significant in the improvement of customer value. It is important for the management to be capable of evaluating strategies involving customers, especially regarding the operating environment. Working with other companies in order to establish their manner of operation as well as the way they relate with customers is important in understanding how to create customer value. The organization should focus on all aspects of its operations especially regarding the manner through which customers’ opinions reach the management, as well as the manner through which customers receive response to their enquiries from the management. Understanding what competing companies are offering can help the organization to make a comparison in regard to customer satisfaction. After the management establishes whether the customers are satisfied, it is important to link this satisfaction to the company objectives in order to establish if they have been satisfied. Investing in research and development is important in ensuring that the organization is capable of branding and satisfying customers in general. Such strategies are important in the enhancement of value within the organization. Information technology is essential to any business that operates in the modern

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 162

Assignment Example The second article is about the ways school counselors can help victims of child abuse and neglect. Dr. Glenn Lambie provides the definitions of abuse and neglect from the American School Counselor Association and gives statistics on deaths and incidents of child abuse and neglect. (2005) Symptoms to look out for, the pertinent statutes in North Carolina, the guidelines for reporting cases of suspected abuse and possible interventions to prevent such issues are also included. This article is interesting for people who would like to be professional counselors because they may have to help victims in the future since child abuse and neglect is a big part of American society. This article is scholarly because of the peer-review process. McDermott, R. C. & Lopez, F. G. (2013). College men’s intimate partner violence attitudes: Contributions of adult attachment and gender role stress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60 (1), 127-136. The third article is about a study conducted to determine if adult attachment and gender- role stress contribute to intimate partner violence in men. Authors McDermott and Lopez invited 497 heterosexual men in college to participate in an anonymous web survey (2013). Results revealed that gender role stress had a significant influence in intimate partner violence. This article is significant to professional counselors because they can usually have patients who are victims of violence. This article is scholarly because it has gone through the peer-review

PROJECT MANAGEMENT Assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

PROJECT MANAGEMENT Assignments - Essay Example Capacity refers to the number of units a facility is able to hold or to produce in a given span of time. Capacity available would refer to that which is at the disposal of the hospital and this is affected by among other factors: changes that are specific to the available capacity operations, the mix of different uses of the current available capacity and the speed and/or pace with which the workforce utilises this capacity. In measuring capacity, a unit standard of measure is often required, and in this case of St. Marks’s hospital beds resources are used. Capacity management involves capacity planning and this squarely falls on the duty responsibilities of the strategic planners in the organization. Its major aim in most organisations is to try and match the level at which the operations are taking place to that of the demand. It is carried out bearing in mind the future growth and the expansion plans of the organizations and also to a greater extent the market trend, in this case of the hospital, the patients’ trend. Normally with a fluctuation in demand, capacity planning becomes a tedious and a very unpredictable exercise. It is broadly concerned with the defining of both the short term and long term needs of an organization and finding means to satisfy them basing the decisions on the customer demands. This is done considering both the human and financial resources available to the organization. Usually, making capacity planning for the long term utilisation of resources is risky, uncertain and difficult in most organisations. This is mainly because a lot of changing parameters are to be considered for the planning process to have some accuracy. It involves major issues and those that would affect the organisation in a major way. Short term strategies on the other hand involving changes in a one year period are usually easier to

In the play Capulet wants Juliet to have a good life Essay Example for Free

In the play Capulet wants Juliet to have a good life Essay Romeo and Juliet is a tragic 16th century Shakespearean love story set in the Italian city of Verona. The life of a father and daughter in our lifetime at the moment would vary considerably from the one Capulet and Juliet lead in the play. In the 16th century women were expected to do many things for men. Mens expectations for women in the 16th century were that they cleaned the house looked after the children and were treated as second class citizens. Men expected women to obey them and do anything they say if the women disobeyed the men they would subject to punishment in the version of getting hit in those days because there wasnt strict law and order in those days. So if a women married a man they would become the sole property of their husband. In the 16th century the father was the man of the household who would finalise everything. When theyre daughter was around 14 the father would chose who she would be married to, but as in the play some daughters didnt feel that their fathers choice was correct and if they turned down his offer they would also be subject to punishment. The rejection of their fathers choice would also make their fathers feel hurt because his daughter had rejected his offer of happiness, the father also feels that his daughter is not proud of her parents and doesnt thank them. In the play Capulet wants Juliet to have a good life and thinks hes chosen the right type of man for his daughter . He believes that Paris will give her a stable life. Increase the reputation of his family because Paris has class and is a well-known celebrity who when people know he is part of the Capulet clan and Capulets son in law they will like Capulet better. As well as that and the money that Paris earns he believes that Paris is a respectable man of society. That he will also take care of his daughter, e. g. if she is sad he will make her happy and comfort her if she is scared, he will make her feel safe and secure in her home and environment. So all in all he thinks that he has chosen a peach of a man who is respected in aspects of his criteria for his daughter. I believe that in the play Capulet wants his daughter to marry Paris because he feels out of love for his daughter that he has found the right person for his daughter who will take care of her and tend to her when she is sick. Plus love her like he does, but as well as this he also chose Paris who is a very wealthy and popular well-known business man, rather than that his family is at war with the Montague family and would like a celebrity backing to increase his chance of winning. Capulet feels it is tradition at the time for him to select supposedly the lucky man to marry his daughter and when he does this he also expects Juliet to be pleased that he has chosen her such an admirable husband. He hopes that Juliet will feel the same way he does and that it is someone who will care for her and make sure she is given the best love and affection around. In parts of Romeo and Juliet you see the examples of Capulet being a loving and caring father. One of these parts is in Act 1, Scene 2, line 7-11 when Capulet says My child is yet a stranger in the world, she has not seen the change of 14 years, let two more summers wither in her pride ere we may think her ripe to be a bride. This shows that he is loving because he is saying to Paris she is only young and just turned 14 give her two more years and you can marry her. Although he says this to Paris when his daughter disagrees with his choice he doesnt accept her reason or anything he just keeps having a go at her. Whatever reason Juliet gives her father will not accept her reason and keeps forcing her to chose Paris. In conclusion I believe that in the 16th century daughter, father relationships were very different from nowadays. Nowadays the daughter has the freedom to do as she pleases apart from in some certain religions where the marriage is organised between 2 people before they can walk. So in most of the world today women have a free right but in some areas they have stuck to the old fashion way of arrange marriages.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is absolutely relating a message to readers about the ills of slavery but this is a complex matter. On one hand, the only truly good and reliable character who is free of the hypocritical nature that other whit characters are plagued with is Jim who, according to the institution of slavery, is subhuman. Thus, one has to wonder about the presence of satire in Huck Finn. Furthermore, Mark Twain wrote Huck Finn after slavery was made illegal and his choice to set this story in a pre-civil war time when slaves were still held is significant. What truly makes the thesis statement about race and slavery in Huck Finn complex is is that there are several traces of some degree of racism in the novel, including the use of the ‘N’ word. By using the word, the book portrays the atmosphere of the south and slavery at that time. David Bradley, a Mark Twain expert featured in â€Å"Born to Trouble: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn†, says that, â€Å"The ‘N’ was a word used during that time to call black people. It was a common word† (Born to Trouble). Apart from this, when Aunt Sally hears about an explosion and she asks Huck if anybody was hurt, he responds by saying â€Å"No’m,† â€Å"Killed a slave†(Peter Salwen). These few lines of dialogue say all there is to say about how blacks were viewed at that time; that they are â€Å"nobody†, less than human, with lives that are of little or no value to anyone. The racist attitudes of the south are most evident in the character of Huck Salas 2 Finn himself and how he relates to the runaway slave, Jim. Huck is nothing but a product of his environment and upbringing. Although he reflects the cruelty and injustice of the south towards blacks, he is totally unaware that this is the wrong attitude to take (Fiskin). At first when Huck is unsure how to deal with Jim, he displays attitudes that are a reflection of his times. He plays tricks on Jim and entraps him in a dialogue that makes the latter appear especially foolish, or perhaps, to make Jim painfully aware of his own inferiority. The trick the weighed most heavily on both Huck and Jim is when, after having disappeared from the raft, Huck pretends to have been there all along. The worried Jim insists that he believed Huck had almost drowned, but Huck plays Jim for a fool, tricking him into believing that he had only been dreaming (Twain 186). Jim, in turn, is made to appear as the Negro stereotype of the times: a backward buffoon with his slave dialect and many superstitions (Gregory). It is only much later on that he takes on a more human face as we discover his admirable character, particularly his fierce loyalty to his friend Huck (Born to Trouble). Huck also reflects the white South’s belief that blacks were vastly inferior. In the conversation about King Solomon and the Frenchmen in Chapter 14, Huck ends the conversation by saying to himself: â€Å"I see it warn’t any use wasting words – you can’t learn a n†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to argue. So I quit† (Twain 104). Seemingly frustrated with the turn of the conversation, Huck ends up being dismissive of the black man’s intellectual capacity, his ability to learn, see reason or think rationally. Again, this points to the white South’s inherent belief that the black man is inferior. Salas 3 Early on this relationship, Huck is also prone to saying things that further show how deeply racist attitudes have been ingrained in him. After the trick he plays on Jim, he is reluctant to apologize to someone society dictates is far beneath him: â€Å"it was fifteen minutes before I could work myself to go and humble myself to a slave† (Twain 107). Jim must also accept the fact that as a black, he is inferior to whites in these times. Friendship doesn’t negate this rule of society; even his good friend Huck is far superior to him. Even as far into the book as Chapter 31, Huck still holds himself accountable to the strict racist rules of his community, where empowering a black man is a â€Å"low-down thing†(Twain 219). However in this course of the tale, Huck’s attitude toward his black companion begins to shift. This is a struggle for him at first, and a reader can get a definite sense of Huck grappling with how society has always forced him to think. For example, although he shows reluctance in apologizing to Jim for his trick, he really does feel like the trash Jim likens him to (Twain 107). Not only does he get over his reluctance and apologizes to Jim, but makes a firm pledge to himself not to â€Å"do him no more mean tricks; and I wouldn’t done that one if I’d knowed it would make him feel that way† (Twain 107). Another instance is when Huck encounters a group of white men looking for runaway slaves. He struggles momentarily about the morality of hiding Jim, still thinking of the latter as a stolen piece of property and not a person. Huck then swings the other way and conceals Jim from the men with a clever ruse (Twain 117). In the end after a long and hard struggle, both Huck and Jim achieve a certain degree of freedom. Not just freedom form â€Å"sivilization† for Huck Salas 4 and slavery for Jim, but freedom from the rigid mindset of the racist South. Huck learns to look at Jim not merely as a Negro, a piece of property or someone inferior and worthless, but as a human being and as a friend.

Torture is Ethically Wrong: Analysis

Torture is Ethically Wrong: Analysis Stephen D. Dillehayes Serving in a combat centered career in the military for almost two decades I have many experiences with the topic of torture. I have attended classes on how to apply and resist, both with varying results. But one of the topics that always come up is Is torture ethically right. I believe argument can be broken down into categories, how it affects the person and how it affects the states, which will reveal how it is fundamentally wrong. Lets look at two sides of the debate. Argument: Premise 1: Provides information in time sensitive situations. Premise 2: The ends justify the means. Premise 3: The enemy uses it, so there isnt a reason we shouldnt. Conclusion: Torture is legally and morally right. Counterargument: Premise 1: By dehumanizing someone you can collect information easier, but this also dehumanizes you. Premise 2: Human rights are suspended by the torturer to get what he wants. Premise 3: Information received validity cant be trusted. Conclusion: Torture is legally and morally wrong. The first premise of the counterargument is centered on the acts of violence inflicted by the torturer. To be affective as a torturer you have to think of your victim as less than human, in order to justify the human rights violations you have to commit to get any useful information. This process have been seen throughout history, the most notable is the Nazis treatment of the Jews in World War II. These actions can led to not only war crimes, human rights violations but also legal ramifications which will have long term effects on the person i.e. criminal charges and psychological damage. For the second premise you have to look at human rights on a global scale. The United Nations, in 1948, wrote the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. One of the Articles contained in it is Article 5, which states No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation. (UDHR, 1948). The United States of America was one of the members who helped draft and signed this collections of rights. By denying to fall it and allowing personnel within its government or military to use torture as a mean to get information the United States government as a whole is guilty of human rights violations. The last premise can be summed up from the Army Field Manual 34-52 Chapter 1, Experience indicates that the use of force is not necessary to gain the cooperation of sources for interrogation. Therefore, the use of force is a poor technique, as it yields unreliable results, may damage subsequent collection efforts, and can induce the source to say whatever he thinks the interrogator wants to hear. (AFM 34-52, 1992) This statement comes from an organization, the U.S. Army, which has been at war no stop with terrorism for over a decade and they dont even believe torture is an effective way to get information. It is hard to get a better first hand source then that. All of these lead to the conclusion that the argument is fundalmentally flawed. If you look at the main points you can see how they dont support the conclusion, whereas the counter argument not only supports but validates its conclusion. One, provides time sensitive information, which cant be trusted. Two, the ends justify the means, the same argument the Nazis use, which didnt make it right. Finally, our enemy use it so we should. This mindset was ban by the UN, which the US is part of, which makes the premise invalid. By looking at the evidence provided, which shows that torture dehumanized a person, but is globally wrong based off of articles of the UN, there is no other conclusion then torture is wrong. Not only on a personal standard, from what it does to someone. But since the USA has already signed an agreement banning it, it is legally wrong at the state level as well. References Universal Declaration of Human Rights (10 December 1948) retrieved from http://www.claiminghumanrights.org/udhr_article_5.html FM 34-52 (1992, September 28) retrieved from https://fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm34-52.pdf

Topics as Photographs :: Writing

â€Å"Writers are like photographers,† Donald Murray reminds us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The photographer doesn’t snap a picture while scanning an   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  entire scene. Instead he selects a single focus (239-240).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This analogy was exceptionally powerful to me. The idea of looking through a camera lens out at an event or a topic just has wonderful possibilities. You could do a panoramic photo, including the wide picture, seeing how many pieces fit together. On the other hand, you could use the high-powered zoom lens to get up close and magnify a single element of the photo. Even the photographer’s decision to use black and white or color film to make a particular statement can translate into a writer’s decision to use sparse exposition or flowery prose to create a desired effect. A question that occurs to me that I might ask my students is this: â€Å"If your topic was a photograph, what would it look like?† Would it have lots of characters in it, or just one? Is the physical setting the most important element, or rather the expression on the subject’s face? And on and on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maybe this speaks to me because I am the yearbook editor, and one of the biggest jobs of the publications staff is to find the right picture to tell the story. From an entire role of film, we might get just one or two usable photos; or none. Or we might have so many to choose from that we have to select the best angle and/or composition. Those words, â€Å"angle† and â€Å"composition† are writing words as well as visual arts terms. Out of a notebook full of drafts, I might find the same dilemmas -- not enough or too much usable raw material for a piece of writing.

Video Game Violence Make Teens and Children More Aggressive Essay

The term violence is a broad word that has many different views depending on what it is associated with. When it comes to teens and children, violence can be anything from pushing, shoving, and fighting too. Violence has and always will be an ongoing problem around the world. Everything that can be done to prevent it will benefit our society. Today’s video games and featured television shows have become much more graphic than they have ever been, showing brutal images that can be accessed by all ages. Video games have become one of children’s favorite leisure activities, and they spend long amounts of time playing them. It has been shown that children with high exposure to such violent games have a much higher score of serious violence (Freedman 2002). After playing these games for long and countless hours, children begin to view these behaviors as acceptable while out with their friends or in public. Violence is any action that may cause harm to another such as pushing, fighting, language, wrestling, and killing. Violent video games have a strong positive correlation with aggressive behaviors because of intense graphics, lack of effective parental control, and the amount of time playing these games. Aggressive Minds. Video games that are made these days are completely different from how they were made a decade ago. The games are much more detailed and realistic, and they give you the feeling that you are actually in the game. Elizabeth Carll, PhD in Psychology says â€Å"A comprehensive analysis of violence in interactive video game research suggests exposure increases aggressive behavior, aggressive thoughts, angry feeling, and physiological arousal and decreases helpful behavior†. Children that have played thes... ...ngs, E., Karas, T., Winsler, A., Way, E., Madigan, A., & Tyler, S. (2009). Young children's video/computer game use: relations with school performance and behavior. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 30(10), 638-649. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. JAMA and Archives Journals (2007, July 4). Study Examines Video Game Play Among Adolescents. ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 18, 2011, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/07/070702161141.htm Straus, M. (1972). Measuring Intrafamily Conflict and Violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/pss/351733. Violent Video Game Campaign (1998-2011). Are you worried about the increasingly violent and graphic content in video games? Retrieved February 18, 2011. Van Horn, R. (1999). Violence and Video Games. Phi Delta Kappan, 81(2), 173. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

The Clashing Interests of The Founding Fathers Essays -- American Hist

The Clashing Interests of The Founding Fathers The framing of the American Constitution resulted in several conflicts dealing with economic issues, political concerns and dynamic conflicts of interest between the delegates. Each separate force had a perspective, usually clouded by personal motives, on how the new governmental system should operate. During the framing of the Constitution, the central conflicts were between the small states and the big states while in the ratification period the struggle involved the anti-federalists and the federalists. Each opposing force struggled for the power to have their personal interest and beliefs represented in the new governmental system. The different sectional interests were incorporated into the larger goal of creating the national government. Power, in of itself, is not evil. When coupled with the self-interest and motives of man, power becomes evil and destroys all possibilities of liberty, law and right. Bernard Bailyn, author of The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, correctly notes that what "gave transcendent i...

International Human Resource Managementp20-3, 4, 5

Title: Homework P20-3, 4, 5 for International human resource management Page number: 3 1, Discuss two HR activities in which a multinational firm must engage that would not be required in a domestic environment. (1) More HR activities To operate in an international environment, a human resource department must engage in a number of activities that would not be necessary in a domestic environment: international taxation; international relocation and orientation; administrative services for expatriates; host government relations; and language translation services. 2) Risk exposure The direct costs (salary, training costs and travel and relocation expenses) of failure to the parent firm may be as high as three times the domestic salary plus relocation expenses, depending on currency exchange rates and location assignments. Another aspect of rick exposure that is relevant to IHRM is terrorism. 2, why is a greater degree of involvement in employee’s personal lives inevitable in man y international HRM activities?A greater degree of involvement in employees’ personal lives is necessary for the selection, training and effective management of both PCN and TCN employees. In the international HR department must be much more involved in order to provide the level of support required and will need to know more about the employee’s personal life. The HR department or HR professional needs to ensure that the expatriate employee understands housing arrangements, health care, and all aspects of the compensation package provided for the assignment(cost-of- living allowances, premiums, taxes and so on). , Discuss at least two of the variables that moderate differences between domestic and international HR practices. (1) Attitudes of senior management to international operations. It is likely that if senior management does not have a strong international orientation, the importance of international operations may be underemphasized in terms of corporate goals and objectives. In such situations, managers may tend to focus on domestic issues and minimize differences between international and domestic environments. 2)The cultural environment The cultural environment is an important variable that moderates differences between domestic and international HRM. The new environment requires many adjustments in a relatively short period of time, challenging people’s frames of reference to such an extent that sense of self, especially in terms of nationality, comes into question. People , in effect, experience a shock reaction to new cultural experiences that cause psychological disorientation because they misunderstand or do not recognize important cues.

Human Resource Management and the Banking Sector Essay

tHuman resource management and the banking sector By Imran Samad Human resource management (HRM) has long been overlooked in the corporate sector in the country where a small section, comprising mostly the multi-national companies was practising the same. With the growing realization of proper HRM in the corporate sector, it has grown into an important activity. Now the head of HRM is an important member of the senior teams of any thriving business. Although the idea is new for many local businesses where entrepreneurs are at the beginning of the learning curve yet in reality the theme is getting support from the organized entrepreneurs. The banking sector has grown from a few institutions primarily involved in deposit acceptance and trade finance into a complex multi player markets where large number of commercial banks, financial institutions and specialized banks are operating with various products and activities. The banking has become a complex activity within the financial market linked directly and indirectly with an over-all national growth and its impact as an integral part of regional segment of a global banking environment. Almost every bank and financial institution is involved in various functions in a day’s job and thus requires a highly effective team and appropriate manpower to run the show. Corporate goals are translated into viable realities and profits only with human element who play their due role in achieving the desired results. Thus even the high automation would require proper man behind the machine to make things happen. This idea has been realized by top managements in progressive banks. Like many other organized sectors, banking requires a multi layer manpower for its various requirements of professionals and support staff. The range may require reasonably educated security guards on the one end and a highly educated and trained professional as head of corporate finance at the other. With liberalization of activities within the banking sector, for example, more emphasis on consumer and house finance and personal loans, etc. banking has turned itself into a more market-based business where banks have expanded their reach more to customers’ door steps in a big way making banking more practical. This has further highlighted the need for proper deployment of man-power to run banks efficiently. For many years, HRM banks like other institutions have been handling this sensitive activity through respective personnel departments. This means human resources were managed like other physical assets e. g. pieces of furniture, calculators, equipment and appliances. Personnel departments were primarily engaged in approval of leaves, handling of staff loans, issuance of show cause, conducting disciplinary enquiries and termination from service. Recruitment was a routine function and was done in a mechanical way to hire people with specific educational background irrespective of their real value to the institution. Success stories of large banking companies have been evident of the fact that HRM is quite different from management of physical assets. Human brain has its own peculiar chemistry. Its strong sensory and decision-making capacity has to be greatly emphasized by the employers. The work force constituting all levels of employees are constantly thinking in many dimensions. On the one hand it is the assigned duty and task they are to perform and for which they are paid by their employer, on the other they think of their long run goals and objectives. By no means, their brains can be controlled to think beyond the current situation of employment. Managing this educated, skillful and trustworthy work force is not an easy job. A few of the current challenges faced by the banking industry in terms of human resource management may be the following: Effective work force:Â  A time-consuming and hectic job is to hunt the right talent. Its just sitting by the river and waiting for the right fish to catch. Higher the professional value of the vacancy, tougher is the search. Identifying the right stuff followed by negotiation is the element which makes the job tough for the employer. Banks are keenly interested to fill up two types of breads of professionals. Ones who are outstanding professionals with high job hopping attitude – these are those who come in – work for some time and then leave for better prospects. Others are those who are keenly picked-up, trained and are some how retained to be developed as future management within the bank. Management trainees are a growing popular phenomenon where freshly qualified business graduates are engaged by banks and a certain percentage of these well equipped professionals stay back within the organization to grow into the footsteps of senior managers. Banking jobs being apparently lucrative for many, attract a large number of candidates against advertised vacancies in media creating a large data base management problem. This has been facilitated by specialised hiring agencies who may take up the job of hiring in case of large number of vacancies. Right people:Â  The most difficult agenda of HRM across the banking sector is to retain the right people. Sudden growth of retail banking and other services has put pressure on HR mangers in banks to engage more professionals within shorter span of time thereby attracting manpower in other banks on attractive packages has made the job market very competing. A bank in a normal course invests time and money to hire and train the appropriate work force for its own operations. This ready-made force is often identified and subsequently picked-up on better terms by others. Compensation:Â  How much to pay to the right employee and how much to the outstanding performer. Banks have traditionally followed pay scales with predetermined increments, salary slabs, bonuses and time-based fringe benefits like car and house advance, gratuity, pension, etc. The situation is not the same anymore. An increment of Rs500-800 per annum is no more a source of attraction for a professional anymore. A basic pay with traditional formulas of linkage with medical and other facilities has no soothing effect today. A promise of future growth, learning culture and corporate loyalty is out of dictionary and does not mean anything to this energetic and competent performer today. A waiting period of 3-4 years in each cadre haunts the incumbents who strongly believe in immediate compensation. There are examples to this. Thanks to the car financing modalities car is no more a fantasy item any more. A freshly hired professional requires a brand new car or car loan on resuming office quite contrary to his previous breed of bankers who would wait for the job seniority to qualify for a car loan. Job satisfaction: Everybody in the bank wants to work in the preferential department, preferential location, city of his own choice and boss of his liking. An administrative deviation from any of these results in lowered job satisfaction. Although hiring is normally based on regional requirement matching the area of activity with that of employee’s nativity yet other elements like appointment in the department of choice and preference makes the job of HR manager quite challenging. What the HR manger cannot afford is the dissatisfied employee who not only disrupts the smooth working himself but also spreads the negativity to others by his de-motivated attitude. Morale boosting:Â  What has long been overlooked is the morale boosting of the employees by the organizations. Human beings even if satisfied of material wellbeing need to be appraised and encouraged constantly. Smart banks have realized this need and have taken steps to keep their work force motivated through proper encouragement like man of the month awards, repeat get-togethers, conferences, sports events, dinners, company sponsored travel, reunions, etc. This is the way employees create a feeling of belongingness.

Useful Phrases for Structured Structured Monologue

Useful Phrases for Structured Structured Monologue M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Structuring When delivering a structured monologue, one of the ways to begin your presentation is to outline its structure, using one of the following phrases: I’ve divided my presentation/speech into three (main) parts. In my presentation/speech I’ll focus on three major issues. M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Effective Openings In order to grab the attention of the audience you may employ one of the following devices: Rhetorical questions;Interesting facts; Stories and scenarios; Problems to think about; Quotations. M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Rhetorical questions Is market research important for product development? Do we really need time management seminars? Interesting facts According to an article I read recently, †¦ Did yo u know that †¦ ? I’d like to share an amazing fact / figure with you. M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Stories and Scenarios Let me tell you what happened to me †¦ Suppose †¦ Imagine †¦ Problem Problem to think aboutSuppose you wanted to †¦ . How would you go about it? Imagine you had to †¦ . What would be your first step? M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Quoting a well-known person As †¦ once said, †¦ To quote a well-known writer, †¦ To To put it in the words of †¦ M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Introducing a Point When delivering the presentation on the particular subject it is relevant to introduce the key points. You may use one of the following phrases: First First of all I'd like to point out †¦ The main problem is †¦ The question of †¦Speaking of †¦ M . Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Enumeration of points If you are asked to provide several reasons, factors or arguments in a row, you have to organize them in the logical way. In order to structure your answer properly enumerate the main points using one of the suggested phrases: first first of all, I’d like to say †¦ in addition to that †¦ moreover, †¦ furthermore, †¦ another example of this is †¦ first, second, third †¦ Finally, †¦ M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Moving to the next pointThis leads directly to my next point. This brings us to the next question. Let’s now move on / turn to †¦ After examining this point, let’s turn to †¦ Let’s now take a look at †¦ M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Going back As I said / mentioned earlier, †¦ Let me come back to what I said before †¦ Let’s go back to what we were discussing earlier. As I’ve already explained, †¦ As I pointed out in the first section, †¦ M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Stating something as a fact Do not be afraid to state some information as a well-known act, if it is justified by the subject of discussion. However, you should be very careful when applying one of the following phrases: As As everyone knows †¦ It is generally accepted that †¦ There can be no doubt that †¦ It is a fact that †¦ Nobody will deny that †¦ Everyone knows that †¦ M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Giving Your Opinion There exist a variety of ways how to express your opinion when speaking English. The choice of an expression to be used in the particular situation depends on how strong your opinion is, i. e. how sure you are about a artic ular thing. M. Platonova „Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Giving Your Opinion Neutrally I think†¦ I feel that†¦ In my opinion†¦ As As far as I'm concerned†¦ As I see it†¦ In my view I tend to think that†¦ From my point of view†¦ M. Platonova „Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Giving a Strong Opinion I'm absolutely convinced that†¦ I'm sure that†¦ I strongly believe that†¦ I have no doubt that†¦ There is no doubt that †¦ I am absolutely certain that †¦ M. Platonova „Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Expressing Uncertainty I definitely doubt if that †¦I am not sure that †¦ I am not certain that †¦ As far as I know †¦ It is very doubtful whether †¦ M. Platonova „Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Giving reasons These standard phrases are useful in a variety o f situations, when you are asked to explain something providing additional information or giving the reasons. The reason for this is (that) †¦ I base my argument on †¦ I tell you all this because †¦ M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Rephrasing Expressions Sometimes we say things that other people don't understand, or we give the wrong impression.If you are asked to explain or clarify your idea, do not use the same expressions and/or phrases, try to reformulate it starting your answer using one of the following phrases: M. Platonova „Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† What I meant to say was†¦ Let me rephrase that†¦ Let me put this another way†¦ Perhaps Perhaps I'm not making myself clear†¦ The basic idea is†¦ One way of looking at it is†¦ Another way of looking at it is†¦ What I want to say is†¦ M. Platonova „Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Indicating the end of your talk I’m now approaching / nearing the end of my resentation. Well, this brings me to the end of my presentation. That covers just about everything I wanted to say about †¦ As a final point, I’d like to †¦ Finally, I’d like to highlight one key issue. M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam† Drawing conclusions and sum-ming up The obvious conclusion is †¦ Last but not least †¦ The only alternative (left) is †¦ The The only possible solution/conclusion is †¦ In conclusion we can say that †¦ To cut a long story short, †¦ Just to give you the main points again, †¦ M. Platonova â€Å"Materials for the Speaking Part of the Centralised Exam†

Correspondence

It was a pleasure to meet you at the convention for trial attorneys In New York last week. In addition to the interesting program highlights of the regular sessions, the informal discussions with people like you are an added plus at these meetings. Your contribution to the program was very beneficial and highly Informative.You may recall that I had Just been appointed by the court to defend a woman here n Providence who has been charged with embezzling large sums of money from her previous employer. The defendant had been employed at a large department store for more than 25 years. Because of her valuable years of experience In accounting with the store, she was In charge of accounts receivable at the store. Her previous employer, the plaintiff In the case, claims that she embezzled $18,634 three years ago, $39,072 two years ago, and $27,045 last year.You mentioned that you had represented defendants In similar cases In previous years. Your assistance would be Invaluable as I prepare for this defense. If you are willing to lend your professional expertise In this case, here Is what Is needed: 1 . Within the next week, send the appropriate citations for all similar trials In which you participated. 2. Provide any other case citations that you think might be helpful In this case. 3. Meet with me In approximately two weeks for a case consultation.At hat time we can discuss compensation for your work on this matter. A copy of the formal complaint Is enclosed for your review. I will call you In about a week to arrange a time and place for our meeting. Please let me know If there Is additional Information that would be helpful In preparing for this case. Of experience will be invaluable.

Analysis Of Super Juniors Strengths And Weaknesses

Analysis Of Super Junior's Strengths And Weaknesses Super Junior is a 13-year-old idol group with a lot of guaranteed strengths, which made them to be one of the most successful artists of South Korean. Firstly, Super Junior is a group of 13 members with diversified talents who can update and adopt to the changing demands and tastes of the local and global environment. They are individual artist who are continuously working to enhance their multiple skills in entertainment industry by taking acting, singing, dance and foreign language class to communicate with international fans. With diverse abilities in different types of entertainment, Super Junior members can readily absorb local entertainment and identify their strength to fit into the gap of local artists; the large number of members (13 at their peak, 11 now) is also both strength and weakness. Secondly, their flexibility of member number (sub-unit groups) allow different experiments in new markets (such as Super Junior M, Super Junior KRY, etc.) and new genre of music performance (ballad songs, dance RB music or fascinating fierce performances, etc.). Besides, instead of operated and managed with other artists under SM Entertainment (SMEnt), Super Junior has been promoted under SJ Label a sub company of SMEnt with separated investment, staff teams and activities since 2015, which brought them more chance to shine not only domestically but internationally. With the management of SJ Label, they do not have to compete with other artists within SMEnt to get investment and resources. More than 10 years in the industry, they have elaborated themselves with relationship, reputation, experiences and power as well as experiences to attract new group of audiences and countries; good relationship within the entertainment market. Moreover, the fact that all members are above teenagers could be their chance to be easier recognized among young and early debut boy bands especially for international taste of appearance. Now, their initial contracts, so-called â€Å"slave contracts†, were expired so that they are now pursuing their own desire rather than being forced to fill the tight schedule made by the firm. Last but by no mean least, loyal fans and followers who have been supported them for a long time could be the intermediators to their friends, families or colleagues and not mentioning that they are growing up and have improved income so that these audiences shall be taken into account with special conditions; they have engaged fandom who are dedicated and devoted (like buying SMEnt stock to support their rights, buying billboard and advertising to help promote their album and concert, doing volunteers under Super Junior name) Beside their strengths, they also have weakness, some of which are the common of South Korean artists, but the rest might be from their own problems. Language and culture barrier to enter new markets out of their traditional zones (China, Japan or South East Asia).

Cons of Auto Bailout Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cons of Auto Bailout - Article Example Consequently, that will implement fewer brands and dealers; along with that the taxpayers are bound fund failure. Also, an auto bailout only considers saving a single industry thus, the money may eventually go down the drain without having a chance on having a stronger and leaner industry otherwise. One of the major disadvantages of an auto bailout is that oil crisis would still be looming overhead, fuel would still go up. Hence, expensive cars like SUVs wouldn't sell as they call for more costly automobile fuels. Taking into account that the Big Three were already losing share of the market due to soaring costs, unimaginative designs and image problems an auto bailout surely cannot be of any help. Therefore, an auto bailout is not a practicle answer to the automotive industry as they will probably continue to produce hybrid or electric automobiles to get ahead in the comptetion which will not be advantagious in the long run.

Nuclear Power Industry Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nuclear Power Industry - Coursework Example This reduction in total electricity contribution by the nuclear plants is largely due to the fact that many power plants have been shut down over the past. As constructing more nuclear stations is not considered economically viable, so any such plans are largely abandoned. The supplies of standard quality carbon-free electricity have also increased as a result of fuel reprocessing from nuclear stations in UK. Advantages of using nuclear power to generate electricity: One of the greatest all time advantages of nuclear power is that only a small portion of it can be generated into large amounts of electricity to boost a nation’s economy. Another worth mentioning benefit is that nuclear fuel doe not result into polluting the environment by releasing a lot of poisonous greenhouse gases. Technology provides ready means to reprocess nuclear fuel for generating carbon-free electricity. Recycling used fuel is a great achievement and many â€Å"commercial reprocessing plants operate i n France, UK, and Russia with a capacity of some 5000 tones per year† (World Nuclear Association, 2011). Another advantage of nuclear electricity source is that fuel is inexpensive and waste produced is markedly compact. The acid rain effects are also marginal compared to other electricity sources (Nuclear Tourist, 2009). ... The environmental impact of uranium mines is also less disastrous compared to other fossil fuels. Nuclear power stations also do not emit carbon dioxide and sulphur among other toxicants and sulphur emissions are principally responsible for acid rains. Disadvantages of using nuclear power to generate electricity: Meeting costs for emergency purposes and radioactive waste forms one of the biggest disadvantages of nuclear source of electricity. A large capital cost is required to meet such ends. Waste storage issue is another big problem and large capital is also required for that to be invested in storage systems. The waste produced by using nuclear fuel is highly radioactive. The nuclear wastes are radioactive and capable of posing a health threat owing to emission of radiations unlike the coal wastes which can pose threat to humanity only on grounds of chemical activity (Cohen, 2011). The more nuclear stations there are, the more there is the risk for nuclear attacks and sabotages a lso. Despite the reality-based claims that nuclear power generated wastes can be highly toxic and lethal for the world at large, still handling the radioactive waste is not that much of a big issue and the net amount of nuclear waste produced from nuclear operation based on one year â€Å"would occupy a volume of half a cubic yard, which means that it would fit under an ordinary card table with room to spare† (Cohen, 2011). This means that the quantity of waste produced by nuclear plants is so small unlike the massive wastes produced by coal-burning sources that it can be taken care of very sophisticatedly. The probability of acid rains also increases with millions of tons of waste generated by the

Quality improvement in clinical practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Quality improvement in clinical practice - Essay Example Sufficient application of patient safety within various organisations contributes to overall quality of services offered within a specified establishment. Patient safety and healthcare quality, therefore, remain two components which affect each other directly. This paper seeks to analyse the element of patient safety within various healthcare organisations. The paper presents a discussion of the various factors influencing the occurrence of patient safety incidents within a hospital setting. Patient safety incidents become significantly affected by three major factors; human factors, medical complexity and system failures within healthcare organisations. Majority of issue leading to the occurrence of these instances could be regulated through adoption of efficient patient safety framework and policies, enhancing patient safety. The current framework includes guidelines provided by government organisations regarding processes of implementing sufficient patient safety policies. Numerou s organisations continue to follow the government provisions; however, modifications enhancing safety become necessary in increasing the efficiency of the safety systems. These modifications, however, must conform to the provisions of regulating government authorities, charged with overseeing implementation of patient safety. ... ons 13 References 14 Introduction Patient safety refers to the prevention of erroneous occurrences, related to healthcare provision, which could present adverse effects on patients. Comprehensive safety includes the capacity for employees to operate within stipulated regulations, seeking to minimise occurrence of medical mistakes (Hughes, 2008). Such medical errors could potentially harm patients through presenting a hazard to patients. The inclusion of these regulations within different healthcare establishments ensures that patients remain unexposed to dangers, while residing within these establishments. Patients commonly attribute patient safety to quality healthcare; hence seek healthcare from organisations where they feel safe. Safety of patients remains fundamental to establishing a good reputation for various healthcare organisations. Enhanced safety operation ensures minimal cases of injuries and deaths of patients while residing within hospitals. The inclusion of safety proc edures within the healthcare sector remains fundamental in improving the quality of services offered within healthcare organisations. Patient safety has been identified as an indistinguishable component of overall patient safety (CokerGroup, 2008). Through patient safety, the balance realised between the realised operational procedures and provided guidelines comprise patient safety. The quality of healthcare resides within the perception of individuals receiving the care. This perceived quality could become enhanced through ensuring patient safety while receiving medical services, within a medical organisation. Enhanced patient safety, therefore, signifies quality healthcare to the recipients of the services. While safety procedures can become clearly defined, quality cannot be defined,

Critically analyse and evaluate current research and literature Essay

Critically analyse and evaluate current research and literature relating to the significance of the presence and absence of ano-genital injuries in posr puberta - Essay Example Male have testosterone while female have estrogen and progesterone. The reproductive stage continues until old age both in male and in female and eventually these are the secondary sex characteristics and events of puberty. It is essential to remember that however, that it is the puberty that represents the beginning period of the reproductive system activity. (Marieb, 2002) The ano-genital area of the human body, sometimes referred to as â€Å"genito-anal† includes the anus and the genitals of both sexes. The genito-anal plays a vital role in pre-pubertal and post pubertal stages. Earlier, the certain part of the body is not taken into consideration unlike nowadays where certain diseases can de diagnosed through the examination of the anus and the genitals. The observations can also serve as indicators of the sexual abuse especially in women. Many of the characteristics of the ano-genital areas are further studied to show its significance in many other reproductive processes and development. The ano-genital areas of both male and female can be differentiated if these were abused or not. In pre-pubertal ano-genital area is most likely have the characteristic of none presence of warts, hematomas, and lacerations mostly in children. These are just some of the sign if the certain individual have been sexually abused. In post-pubertal stages, the ano-genital appears to be the opposite of that of the pre-pubertal. In female victims, bleeding and discharge in both genital and anal region are more visible. (Hobbs and Wynne, 1999) The ano-gential index (AGI) or the value of the distance between the anus and the genitals divided the body weight, is primarily the comparative tool between individuals (Barett, 2006). The ano-genital index is commonly used in boys who had been exposed in chemicals. Scientists believed that exposure to chemicals such as

Federal Reserve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Federal Reserve - Essay Example The article argues that even as the Federal Reserve has been in existence since 1913, it wasnt until the 1970s that it assumed as great a control of the American financial system as it has today. The Federal Reserve was created in 1913 by Woodrow Wilson. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries credit was controlled entirely by private banks. Farmers in the mid-western regions grew increasingly upset by this fact, as they complained that oftentimes the banks would alter their credit options at times when the farmers were vulnerable. The Federal Reserve was created as a compromise, with the banks still controlling credit, but the government determining the supply of funds. While the intervening years have seen significant reforms in the way the Federal Reserve operates, its underlining function has remained the same. Private banks are able to borrow from the reserve at a discounted rate, they then loan this money to borrowers at the federal funds rate, or interest rate. As the Federal Reserve raises rates, so must the banks raise the rates of loans. This system is designed to ensure fair and equitable lending throughout the country. The current chairman of the Federal Reserv e, who was recently reappointed in January of 2010, and Alan Greenspan and Paul Volcker preceded him.(Johnson, Web) When the recession hit the Federal Reserve began the process of lowering interests rates to increase consumer spending. At this point, the Fed has virtually lowered the interest rate to 0%. In addition to lowering the interest rate the Fed has engaged in a number of unorthodox methods in an effort to revive the sputtering economy. â€Å"Those techniques include buying vast amounts of longer-term Treasury bonds, mortgage-backed securities issued by government-sponsored companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and commercial debt issued by private companies and consumer lenders.† (NY Times, Web) In addition to these techniques, the reserve helped in JPMorgans merger with Bear

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Business Plan - Essay Example Online business development starts with development of an online business place, widely known as website. Several facets are attached with development of a website and depend on the type of website as per requirement. Major contributions are from design and technology perspective keeping in mind the business objective, e.g. a corporate website can be static in nature with a professional design aspect, whereas a retail website (portal) has to be dynamic and communicative with consumers, with detailed product information, and purchase and multiple payment options. FlexiCoolGifts FlexiCoolGifts is a gift store, which requires the dynamic aspect of design to effectively communicate with perspective consumers. The website needs to be an e-commerce website with detailed information about the products offered, and purchase and multiple payment options for best user experience. Once the website is developed, a complete online marketing strategy and online business revenue model has to be est ablished. Online Marketing Online marketing is the process of marketing and advertisement of a business (brand) and its products and services on the â€Å"World Wide Web†. A simple concept plays the role in the Internet marketing scenario – â€Å"Customer Reach – anytime, anywhere†. Online marketing strategy is a combination of certain factors depending on the business type, model and business objective. It is also a combination of â€Å"primary† and â€Å"complementary† marketing channels to make the entire strategy objective oriented and result driven. Complete understanding of online marketing strategies and careful utilization of online marketing tools and channels make online marketing highly effective with minimum cost. FlexiCoolGifts can utilize the following types of online marketing channels for business development. Types of Online Marketing Online marketing is a combination of certain types of marketing and advertisement activitie s carried out in the Internet environment with an objective of reaching out to the perspective customer, anytime & anywhere. There are various types of online marketing channels such as Search Engine Marketing (Paid Search Results), Search Engine Optimization (Non-paid Search Results), Social Media Marketing (Marketing and Advertisement through Social Networking Channels and websites), Social Media Optimization (Marketing and advertisement message optimization in social media), Display Advertisement (marketing and advertisement through display or banners online), Contextual Advertizing (marketing and advertising text messages on other websites), Affiliate Marketing (marketing and advertising on a affiliate website), Directory Submission (Submitting Websites to Online Directories), Webinars (Online Seminars), Online Audio and Video Marketing (Interactive Marketing and Advertisement), Mobile (Cell Phone) Marketing (SMS, MMS, Audio and Video Clips), E-Mail Marketing (Marketing and Adve rtisement through e-mails), Online Chat Support (Online Support Mechanism), Viral Marketing (Audio-Video option to Spread through people), Interactive Advertising (Audio & Video Clips recorded or animated), and blogging. Online Marketing Strategy By careful consideration of market dynamics, customer segmentation, market research results, SWOT of business and unique selling proposition (USP), a marketing strategy and marketing mix can be devised. FlexiCoolGifts is a unique gift store with a wide range of gift items, music; videos etc. for various occasions are available along with customized

Financial Investment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Investment - Research Paper Example The principles of time value of money and learning its techniques are the most important concepts for the study and application of finance in general. The concept of interest is divided between simple and compound interest. Simple interest is calculated only by taking into consideration the beginning principal. For instance, if an individual invested $1,000 dollars in a savings account at 5% annual interest, the expected return after one year would amount to a $50 gain on investment. The concept of compound interest unlike simple interest which only takes into consideration the interest return of the initial principal investment is determined by taking into consideration not only total interest on the principal, but it also includes any interest gained on the initial investment. In simple terms, compound interest calculations encompass interest on interest. It is of paramount importance for a finance manager to understand and have a through understanding of time value of money concep ts and its impact on the value of an asset at a specific point of time in order to be successful. Present and Future Value of an Investment For a company one of the most important tools in determination in the time value of money analysis for a specific asset is the cash flows time line. The cash flows time line indicates and helps us visualize when the cash flows related to a particular transaction occur in respect to when the transaction originated. Constructing a cash flow time line will help determine how the timing of cash inputs and outputs will affect the day to day operations of the firm. By utilizing the cash flows time line a person can determine the potential future value of an investment today and how the process of compounding interest on the initial investment affects the total value of the initial investment and its aggregate return on the simple interest. In order to calculate the effect of compound interest in an investment a person needs to use the compound interes t formula (Studyfinance). TV = P1 (1+I)^n TV= total value investment value at the end of n periods P1= initial investment I= interest N= number of periods or years Finance textbooks provide the user with future and present compound interest tables. These tables are calculated in order to simplify the process and provide a guideline to the user with help in determining present and future value of any investment. The tables provided are calculated by determining the value of an initial investment for various time periods and interest rates. The opportunity value of an investment is the rate of return on the best investment alternative taking into consideration the available options of equal risk. On the other side of the coin, the compounded present value of an initial investment is calculated by determining the reciprocal amount of compound interest for the same future period (Studyfinance). Another way of visualizing present value of an investment is to adopt a stance where the init ial investment value is determined by the interest rate and time period of the future investment window. For investors present value calculations determine where individuals invest their limited funds taking into consideration their actual financial performance and risks and overall return. For potential investors present

A Meditation on Yellow Summary Essay Example for Free

A Meditation on Yellow Summary Essay 1. Created by: Patricia L. PittSan Fernando East Secondary School, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies   2. Travellers’ Tales   3. Meditation on YellowJennifer Rahim, lecturer in English in theDepartment of Liberal Arts at the University of theWest Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad has describedthis poem as â€Å"a clever, satirical monologue thattraces the evolution of the capitalist ethos in theregion.†She notes that â€Å"Senior evokes the color yellow assymbol of a historical continuum of plunder,enslavement, and servitude that marks theCaribbean’s relations with the developed world,beginning with the conquistadors’ misguided searchfor gold, then the sugar of the colonial plantationeconomy, and finally the trade in sunshine and sandof the contemporary tourist industry. † 4. Meditation on Yellow-Part 1Gabriel Garcia Marquez wrote a novel entitledOne Hundred Years of Solitude. He has statedthat his favourite shade is:â€Å"The yellow of the Caribbean seen fromJamaica at three in the afternoon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ A dominant theme in his One Hundred Yearsof Solitude is the inevitable and inescapablerepetition of history. The protagonists arecontrolled by their pasts and the complexity oftime.Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez also used colours as symbolsin this book. Yellow and gold were the mostfrequently used colours and they weresymbols of imperialism and the SpanishSiglo de Oro. Gold signified a search foreconomic wealth, whereas yellow representeddeath, change, and destruction. 5. Meditation on Yellow-Part 1El Dorado is Spanish for thegolden/gilded one). Legend has itthat it was the name of a Muiscatribal chief who covered himselfwith gold dust and, as an initiationrite, dived into a sacred highlandlake. Later it became the name of alegendary Lost City of Gold thathas fascinated – and so far eluded –explorers since the days of theSpanish Conquistadors. Thoughmany have searched for years onend to find this city of gold, noevidence of such a place has beenfound.El Dorado came to be usedmetaphorically of any place wherewealth could be rapidly acquired. 6. Persona-An Arawak of Jamaicaâ€Å"Had I known I would havebrewed you up some yellow fever-grassand arsenicbut we were peaceful thenchild-like in the yellow dawn of our innocence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Lemon/Fever Grass Fever grass tea Yellow sulphide of arsenic 7. â€Å"a string of islands and two continents†for â€Å"a string of beads and some hawk’s bells†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Usually the word string would be followed by pearls, something of value. In this case however, the Indians received worthless  glass beads and hawk’s bells. 8. â€Å"(you were not the last to be fooled by our patina)†In the Taino culture of the Antilles, aguanà ­n was a badge of triballeadership, worn by the Cacique(chief).It was a mixture of Gold and Bronze,made from flakes of gold extractedfrom rivers; these flakes werepounded with rocks until theymelted together into a small discwhich the Cacique could weararound his neck or some other partof the body.It attracted early European visitors. 9. â€Å"As for silver/I find that metal a bit cold† To bite the bullet is to endure a painful or otherwise unpleasant situation that is seen as unavoidable. 10. Meditation on Yellow-Part 2 Persona –Hotel/Hospitality Worker â€Å"served by me skin burnt black as toast (for which management apologizes)†Ã¢â‚¬Å"At some hotel overlookingthe sea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  11. â€Å"I’ve been slaving†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 12. â€Å"I’ve been slaving†¦ for your†   13. â€Å"Just when I thought I could rest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tourism-the new form of colonization and exploitation†¦ 14. â€Å"So I serving them†¦Ã¢â‚¬    15. â€Å"But still they want more†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sex tourismâ€Å"want it strongwant it longwant it blackwant it greenwant it dread† 16. â€Å"You cannot stop those Streggehs†-loud, promiscuous women in Jamaica Cassia Allamanda Poui Golden Shower 17. â€Å"You cannot reverse Bob Marley wailing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  18. Bibliography for Med on Yellow

Microsoft PowerPoint Essay Example for Free

Microsoft PowerPoint Essay The development of add-ins into existing and established computer applications such as Microsoft’s PowerPoint is increasing use and function extending not only the longevity of programs but also software development and networking. The PowerPoint versions beginning with the 2003 edition have allowed for greater among Microsoft’s in-house as well as independent developers to create add-ins for various users that in effect has created UI’s unique for individual users (Wenzel, 2007). Majority of the add-ins that has been developed have focused on enhancing the visual appeal of PowerPoint such as animation, interactivity and media. The effort is seen to be motivated by the objective of making PowerPoint not just a basic or generalist presentation (Microsoft Office, 2007). Bridging between Microsoft programs is also evident since the add-ins do not only affect PowerPoint but also other Office programs as well as other non-Office programs such as Producer 2003 or independent programs produced by Macromedia, Java and even open source technology (Harrison, 2001; â€Å"Microsoft PowerPoint Add-Ins†, 2002). Thought there have also been efforts in developing add-ins to extend from the Microsoft platform, there are still significant security issues particularly regarding macros, language and technology copyrights. Overall, current developments in PowerPoint add-ins remain focused on UI development and visual development and functionality. Accesses to the program’s functions have not differed significantly except for the increased control over performance to afford shifting between desktop and mobile use (Wenzel, 2007). The strategy for the PowerPoint franchise is its ease of use and the remaining dominance of Microsoft operating systems as a platform. However, the add-ins are indication that other operating systems are being recognized and the need to be user-focused in development.

Reviewing Indian Culture And Society Senarios Film Studies Essay

Reviewing Indian Culture And Society Senarios Film Studies Essay Hindi cinema has always been a major point of reference for Indian culture and society. Not only has it shaped but also expressed the changing scenarios and contours of Indias cultural and societal sentiments to such an extent that no other preceding art form could ever achieve. Hindi cinema has influenced the way in which people perceive and deal with various aspects of their own lives. Movies now portray live-in relationships, girlfriends and boyfriends, pre-marital sex, corruption, people following live and let live policy in life and family, liberal parents, colleges are depicted like dating parties and professors like friends. Of course one has to admit that it is all exaggerated and blown up, sometimes even in epic proportions, but the core idea, the crux, the central theme, comes from the society itself. Obviously those situations and reflections of life and society are exaggerated and blown up converting it all into a motion picture with elements of drama, suspense and comedy so as to attract spectators. The society and the world that we live in is changing and these changes are echoed in the cinema. Lets take the example of the humble and illiterate mother or ma depicted in the Hindi movies of 60s, through the 70s right till the 80. The ma was a female figure, an epitome of sacrifice and hard work, caring and bothered about nothing but her children. She burned the midnight oil to stitch clothes to afford two meals a day and to pay for the heros BA degree, has slowly got replaced with the modern, educated and sometimes even independent mom. The heroine who was normally a simple homely girl has now been replaced by a woman who is not only educated and bold but is also confident about her sexuality. The hero no longer falls in love with a innocent uneducated gaon-ki-gori. He has now been replaced by a simple boy next door with no palaces to live in, with human capabilities, flaws and aspirations. The result is that the audience can now easily relate with the lead characters of the film. But there is a different aspect, a different side to the coin, as well; cinema itself can herald or bring about changes in the society. It inspires fashion and crimes when people try to mimic what they see in movies, failing to realise that what they see on screen is an altered or modified version of reality that is made to look glamorous though instruments and technology and that life like cinema is not predictable. But, there are some movies that bring about positive changes as well like the recent change in the old policy followed by CBSE as a result the movie Tare Zameen Par (2007). CBSE now gives extra time to dyslexic students for their board exams. Similarly, public interest in hockey was renewed after the hit movie Chak De (2007). So it wouldnt be wrong to say that cinema isnt just a source of popular entertainment for families and individuals, but also a vehicle of social change, as it should be. Audiences like to see the familiar on screen. They like to see what they know, what they are aware of, what they believe and it is this reflection on screen that caters to the tastes and sensibilities of the masses. People derive joy, pleasure and amusement when they watch such films and therefore it is the audience that decides what goes into a film. Next it is the investor. The producer of a film would want to invest in something that would fetch him some returns on his investment and therefore they put their money in films that would make the audience happy and consequently bring in the greens for the investors. Unless a film caters to the mass audience, it will not be economically viable. The representation of women is often used as a selling point of the films. Audience likes to watch women on screen in various song and dance routines, in stereotypical images, in various costumes ( as discussed in chapter 2) and the reflection of women on screen change from time to time with changing trends in the continuously evolving society ( as discussed in chapter 3). It is true that the changing ideologies of a society have the power over what is depicted on screen and how it is depicted but another truth is the fact that the patriarchal undercurrents in our society are still the same. Women are still depicted in a way that caters to the male gaze. Women are still categorised and this has been achieved through song and dance sequences, through various forms of dress and through stereotypical images. All these factors help to compartmentalise women, turn them into a fetish leaving no room for the real woman to be depicted on screen. A cursory glance on the history on Hindi cinema and the changing trends of society and cinema leads one to believe that Bollywood has progressed over time in terms of depiction of women. Globalization and western culture has had a strong influence and a huge impact on the content films, the locations where they are shot and even the settings. But a closer examination of the films reveal that indeed there has been progress, but only in terms of technological devices that are used for special effects, locations as in they are more scenic, the films have begun to represent N.R.Is, the speech has westernised, the dresses have a modern influence and the entire aspect of film making and marketing has becoming more commercial and corporate like. It has truly become an Industry, a business. Women are still depicted or portrayed in the old moulds of feminity. Heroines are westernised, as is everything around them, but this has resulted in turning a woman into a commodity that needs to be made a spectacle of so that the film can sell well. The western influence and modernisation has led to more skin show in order to make the film commercially viable as it is now sold to Indian as well as western audiences. Mythology, religion, notions and ideas about family and tradition, cultural ethos, all of these strongly influence Bollywood and consequently the representation of women on screen. But one must understand that all these values that dictate the trends of Bollywood are ruled and dominated by the premise of patriarchy and therefore women are represented in a manner which is submissive to these values and therefore subject to control by men. The women are shown in subordinate roles, upholding traditional values. They represent the community and are seen as repository of community values. Women authenticate a national/cultural identity. The body of the woman is the carrier of cultural signs. Symbols of marriage like the mangalsutra, sindoor etc. are fetishized.  [1]   Women are represented as prototypes, one dimensional characters as daughters, wives, daughter-in-law, courtesan, lover, widow. Such stereotypes have no personal traits, no substance in terms of character and temperament; they only exist in relation to men, to heroes on screen. They are there as foils to the male characters so as to highlight their characteristics. Feminity as it is outlined by the premise of patriarchy is more often than not adhered to in Indian films. However, through an analysis of new emerging trends in Bollywood cinema as well as the parallel cinema, it becomes clearly visible that some women break this mould. There are films that portray women in bold and strong characters and sometimes even as individuals but such films are not very successful commercially. And also the answer to the question whether women in Hindi cinema are constructed so as to attract male gaze remains yes because even in those films, the heroines who played the bold, strong and individual characters were good looking and attractive, they were used in various song and dance sequences and were objectified through the use of costumes and other cinematic tools. There have been attempts to emancipate women from the constraining stereotypical moulds through representation of strong women characters in powerful roles in mainstream cinema but they have been only partially successful because those films were made but they werent very successful. The art movies or parallel cinema as they call it, emerging in the 1970s, avoided objectifying women, and focussed on showcasing the prevalent oppression and exploitation of women in our society. But the overriding themes, ideologies and concepts of religion, culture and tradition have a very strong foothold when it comes to Hindi cinema and they entrap representation of women in fixed moulds of stereotypes strengthened by patriarchy. Events seldom catapult women characters of Indian cinema to a white-hot spotlight. They are dumped into the quagmires of tension-packed fireworks of the home-prison or the ambitious exploitations of healers and killers, lovers and betrayers. The women are shown as having no spheres of their own, no independent identity, no living space. They go down in collective memory as organic imperfections, ramshackle, rickety, unhinged creations, mere fictional constructs of the fragile handle with care male ego.  [2]   Hindi films with excellent photography, picturesque locations, designer costumes and gorgeous heroines enthral and influence audiences in a manner which slowly and steadily transforms the way they think and perceive the world around them. The youth that forms a large chunk of the audience start aping what is shown in screen in terms of costumes, language, style and above all the norms and ideologies highlighted by the films. These ideologies prescribe that domestic bliss and societal recognition is achievable only through submission to the pre-established hierarchies. One of the dictates of such ideologies is that women should be submissive and subordinate to the males in family and in society in general. Films often show heroes pursuing the heroines not with poetry, as the idea of chivalry preaches, but with songs and sequences that manhandle the heroine, pestering her with antics like playing with her dupatta, pulling and pinching her cheeks, blocking her path, coming too close for comfort and sometimes even kissing her without her permission. The girl initially tries to get away from this brute but finally gives in to him and accepts his love. The marvel of marvels happens when she succumbs to such degrading antics and is won over by his charm. Is it any wonder that eve teasing is rampant in this country when films show women giving in to such demeaning and crude gestures used by the male in the film in order to court her? In case a girl is raped in a film, the girl is compelled to marry the perpetuator of such a deplorable and detestable act. The girl isnt even asked if she wants to spend the rest of her life with the man responsible for violating her physically and psychologically in such a horrendous manner and robbing her of her freedom. The woman becomes the property of the man who ruined her life. If she refuses to marry her rapist she is immediately alienated from the society and is deemed undeserving of anyones sympathy and support for she refused to marry the man who violated her and then was willing to provide for her as his wife. The perpetuator, the criminal here becomes noble and self-righteous for in the act of agreeing to marry the woman he raped hes redeemed himself. The victim, if she refuses to marry him, becomes ungrateful, perverted and promiscuous for she refused a mans offer of marriage, a man who as per the norm, could have shrugged off all responsibility towards her. Most Hindi films portray love stories between a rich boy and a poor girl or vice versa. The predictable and often repeated story line being that they meet, fall in love, encounter opposition from their respective families, communities and society and finally they get married after innumerable trials and tribulations. The rich boy who wants to marry below his station is considered noble, heroic, sacrificing and generous while a rich girl who wants to marry the poor boy is often portrayed as fashionable, independent, spoilt, pampered and bratty who desperately needs to be tamed and domesticated so as to bring her in line with what the society expects. In other words she needs to wear Indian dresses with bindi and bangles, should be able cook and serve to the family and finally should see her husband as her sole reason for existence. This she is transformed into by the poor boy who as reward gets the woman as a trophy in the end. The whole idea defies logic. Why would a rich and pampere d girl want to marry a poor boy for there are enough good men in the world with the same moneyed background? The underlying patriarchal assumption being that any man is good enough to marry a girl, rich or poor doesnt matter. A woman, in a film, who puts her aspirations, ambitions and career before family is considered ruthless and also at time unwomanly but if a man does the same he becomes noble and virtuous. If a woman does it she is to be condemned for her professional goals come in the way of serving the family and her husband but if a man does it he is doing so to provide for his family which is commendable. The double standards of the society and hypocrisy of the patriarchal ideologies promoted by films are more than evident but such films are accepted by the audiences and they go on to become hits. The same ideology and story is repeated film after film transforming the ideology into a norm that soon becomes a trend followed by the people. Wielding the camera is probably a more onerous responsibility than wielding the pen, as the visual medium is several times more powerful than the written one. Add to this the sway that tinsel towns charismatic heartthrobs have over the masses and the job of film makers as arbiters of taste and public opinion becomes that much more accountable.  [3]   The ideology of patriarchy works through the concept of female morality setting territorial limits for the whole idea of feminine identity and exposing the hypocrisy of male attitude that ultimately seeks patriarchal domination of women. A females body remains central to the societys as well as her realization of self. Patriarchy, that asserts itself through marriage, adultery and rape, works through the female body. On the other hand a female who tries to resist patriarchy uses her body to express her freedom, desire and sexuality. Powerful woman characters and their impact is eclipsed by the manner in which she is depicted as stereotypes trapping a woman in roles that submit to the dictatorial conventions of our society in the process inhibiting the qualities of a woman as an individual at peace with herself and comfortable in the world of her personal aspirations and interests. This is because a girl child in the formative years of growing up is conditioned through the process of socialization where her freedom and liberty is cut down drastically. At a very young age she learns to submit to the whims and fancies of the patriarchal society. She gives in to the tyrannies of our society and forgets all about her own emotional, social and financial needs along with her individual aspirations. Women in our society are perceived and therefore represented as inferior beings. The realities of the patriarchal society and the standards set by it make the woman under confident and make her believe that the only form of security she can achieve is through obedience to the society that terrorizes her to begin with. This ideology perpetuated by the masculine world around her makes a woman consent to the unreasonable emotional, social and financial demands made upon her, all in the name of peace, happiness, order and security.