Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House - 2019 Words

Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† is a play that gives insight to the way of life in the Victorian era. What starts out as a story of a man and his lovely wife, begins to evolve into a story of Nora and her role as a woman in society at the time. The role of gender has always been a means for strife between man and woman. Despite the current times, there is still a wedge between expectations of a man or woman. During Victorian times, that wedge was much larger and the roles of Torvald and Nora were well defined by society. These gender roles within â€Å"A Doll’s House† became the driving force for the story and ultimately became renowned as a feminist play. The role of gender in Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† can’t properly be discussed without understanding a bit of the period in which it took place: the Victorian Era. The Victorian era began when Queen Victoria rose to power in 1837 until 1901 upon her death. Queen Victoria’s reign can be seen as odd since women were considered the â€Å"weaker† sex physically and intellectually while men dominated all decisions politically, legally and economically (Marsh). Victorian society was extremely focused on appearance. There were many rules where even the most minor of indiscretions could lead to being ostracized. It was a time that permeated throughout a person’s entire life. Something as minor as a burp could lead to being socially ruined (Rose). Women were no exception to this. In the Tudor Rose’s article, they claim The establishedShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. This three-act play involves many literary technics that are undermined by the average reader such as the fact that the plot shows the main characters Torvald and his wife Nora live the perfect life. An ironic paradox based around the fact that Nora and Torvald’s relationship is the complete opposite of perfect. Also, bringing upon a conflict as well, appearance versus reality. These little hidden meanings within stories are what areRead MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines conventional roles of men and women in the nineteenth century. In the play, Nora exemplifies the conventional feminine standard during that period. She seems to be powerless and confines herself through high standard expectations, demonstrating what the role of a women would be as a wife and mother. The protagonist of A Doll’s House is a woman named Nora Helmer. Ibsen shows how Nora’s design of perfect life gradually transforms when her sec ret unravels. InRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen876 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House takes place in the home of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Through conversation with Nora’s good friend Kristine Linde it is revealed that Mr. Helmer was ill around the same time Nora’s father died. Luckily Nora’s father left her enough money that Torvald and Nora could go on a life saving trip to Italy. But the truth comes out when we find out Nora’s father did not leave her a penny. We find out that Nora got a hold of the money through a loan but she signedRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† was set in the Victorian era, a time where women were highly respected. Women in this time period did not work, they had nannies to take care of their children and maids to take care of their homes. Many women had no real responsibilities, they spent their time having tea parties and socializing with their friends. Henrik Ibsen dared to show the realism of the Vict orian era while everyone else would only focus on the romantic aspect. In the play, â€Å"A Doll House†

Essay Samples Gre Can Be Fun for Everyone

Essay Samples Gre Can Be Fun for Everyone The 30-Second Trick for Essay Samples Gre There are lots of samples on the internet you may search to find the help you will need. Today several such on-line sites are available which are ready to aid students with any sort of difficult essay topics within any time given. It's also important to make certain you do the tests around the time you will be giving the GRE, in order for your body and mind are all set to be alert 8am, 10am, or whatever slot you're going to be booking. The great thing about a test like the GREs is that the normal test-taker will normally will need to concentrate more on a single section rather than both. The very first facet of the essay we'll analyze is the way that it succeeds in identifying and examining the sections of the argument that are related to the job. Frequently you will begin an essay with a single idea for your thesis statement, but as you write you find your essay focuses on another argument, or you refine and further clarify your initial statement. The thesis should state what you mean to prove and give an overview of the evidence you want to utilize in your essay. In evaluation essays, it should argue the value or lack of value of your particular topic based on the criteria you will later establish. Top Choices of Essay Samples Gre A lot of people make the error of first attempting to complete GRE preparation, then book the date when they're confident. Whether the undertaking is easy or difficult is a question that could be answered only when it's undertaken. If you do well, there's added anxiety in knowing that each question is currently supposed to be harder than before. Therefore, in the second quants paper try to do the questions in the beginning as quickly as possible so you have sufficient time for the tough questions in the long run. The Good, the Bad and Essay Samples Gre When you attempt to solve a lengthier passage, we advise you not to read the en tire passage. You will have the ability to review a sample essay. The essays are unquestionably the single most essential part of your application take them very seriously! A persuasive essay has to be well organized. Whether it's an assimilation essay or another essay, just stand up and avail our expert services. There are essays on the internet that you can look for a guide on the best way to compose a terrific essay for college. Before settling on purchasing a literature review for dissertation, you should have a look at our literature review samples which show our writers are qualified and are well suited for the job. Be certain that your recommender has a crystal clear understanding in which you see your career progressing. There's no need to worry concerning the caliber of the assimilation essay, as one of the greatest writers of the industry write it. If you're rushing, you get a tough time to write and if you aren't ready and gather enough info, you can't complete writing your essay that's why it's suggested to start early as much a s possible. You can take a look at a good deal of example essays, but bear in mind that you ought to spend much time in preparing for the GRE writing. A career essay describes your objectives, reveals your nature and projects an awareness of purpose. Professional writers are well trained and have a great deal of experience so can come up with a few of the greatest work. No matter your plans after, being a superior writer and crystal clear thinker will provide you with a leg up your competition. The one thing I learned was how to select the GRE. There's a frequent tendency among the applicants to display their GRE vocabulary whilst writing SOP. Argument Essay Drill There isn't any such thing as a fantastic GRE score or a terrible GRE score. There are not many full-length mock tests that, to a huge extent mimic the true GRE, which means you won't need to waste them. The Argument About Essay Samples Gre Therefore, if you're on the lookout for assistance in writing a resume, you might want to start looking into using an internet or downloadable resume builder. There are a lot of ways to choose the very best online writing company. Usually providing assistance by means of a wizard, you're asked questions about your career and background that will help you create a resume specific to your area. The GRE is also crucial for relevant work experience in company and exceptional recommendation in regards to serving the area of business. Financial aid is completely available, but it needs a considerable quantity of planning and hard work. The Analytical Writing section requires you to supply focused responses dependent on the tasks presented, which means you can accurately demonstrate your skill in directly responding to a job. Knowing the significance of assignment, students must decide on the proper service provider. You have the opportunity of scoring highly if it's written as a class assignment or maybe to win the scholarship of your choice if you'r e writing the essay for a requirement in scholarship application practice. Whilst a student, you've got to provide your level best in every section. You may also have a look at some college application essay samples that will help you. Over the past couple of decades it is now clear that lots of students are applying for gre waivers and while each have a right to articulate a number of the reasons why they're applying for the waiver, the majority of the time not a lot of student get the waiver approved. The New York Times, The New Yorker won't only give you interesting new words but in addition offer you practice of reading the excerpts you're going to face in RC difficulties. Review what you've been requested to address in your essay. Make sure you essay is connected to politics culture or education. A very clear strategy is essential to writing a thriving persuasive essay. There's also a practice quiz. Essay The best teacher is experience.

African Americans And The Civil War - 859 Words

In December of 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment officially banned slavery throughout the United States of America. After multiple centuries of chattel slavery, predominately in the American South, African-Americans were finally set free from bondage. The fourteenth and fifteenth amendments quickly followed, granting citizenship to â€Å"all persons born or naturalized in the United States† and granting African American men the right to vote, respectively. Naturally, Americans denoted these momentous legislative feats, collectively packaged as the Reconstruction Amendments, as a means of celebration for African-Americans. However, in order to rectify the extensive damage that the American Civil War caused on the South’s infrastructure, labor systems, and economy, white Americans went to extreme lengths via the legal system in order to mimic the antebellum practices of slavery in the South. As newly freed African-Americans sought to exercise their nascent constitutional rights, they were constantly slammed with new, legally permissible practices of exploitation and segregation. These practices are often ignored, despite the fact that they perpetually served to sustain a cap over the level of opportunity, achievement, and wealth in which black Americans could reach from the end of the Civil War to the 1950’s. Detrimental farm practices, which included convict leasing, and debt peonage, ran rampant at the turn of the twentieth century. Legal segregation and white racism heavilyShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Civil War1076 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history African Americans have had is bad in the United States. First they went through slavery which lasted about two hundred year and was ended around the Civil War which was in the 1860s-1870s. Next after they went through slavery they went through the law of Jim Crow that started after the Civil War which stated, â€Å"Separate but Equal†, and that was not the case because African Americans were still treated as second class citizens. After about ninety years around the 1960s Dr. MartinRead MoreAfrican Americans and the Civil War774 Words   |  4 PagesEssay African Americans and the Civil War Slavery affected many of the political reasons that contributed to causing the Civil War in 1961. Most in the Northern states including President Lincoln were more concerned with preserving the Union rather than fighting for the freedom of all. On the other hand the South fought to preserve what they believed to be absolute state rights. However the overall goals of the war were altered significantly by the willingness of African Americans during war. ThisRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1449 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the Civil War began, they wanted to take part in fighting to free all slaves. At the end of the civil war passed the civil rights act that gave citizenship to people that are born in the united states, years later African American men were given the right to vote. This might give equal rights but African Americans are still being discriminated. Almost century later, African Americans are still being discriminated. They got jobs and their kids go to school, but more notice that it wasn t rightRead MoreThe Civil War On African Americans Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe years preceding the Civil War were monstrous for African Americans located in the South of the country. Northerners and Southerners would argue that their visions of how society is structured is the right way and should be expanded throughout the nation. Southerners claimed that slavery is okay, and it’s a positive labor system. On the contrary, Northerners claim that laborers should be paid by wage, men should have equal opportunities, and slaves should gain freedom. The four most significantRead MoreAfrican American And The Civil War876 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1865, when the civil war ended in America and slavery was abolished, the African American population in the South faced many challenges related to their new found freedom. Following the pos t-Civil War Reconstruction period, white supremacy resurfaced in the South (AE Television, 2015). Beginning in the early 1900s through 1970 there was a mass exodus of African American s from South to North America. Although some African American s were known to have moved from the South as early as 1850Read MoreThe Civil War Of African Americans1010 Words   |  5 Pagescentury. For an African American, the word â€Å"life† evolved from a word that meant absolutely nothing, to a word that stood for an individual’s highest commodity. After the civil war, emancipation for slaves transformed from a dream to a reality. Although the civil war finally ended in 1865 after four years of fighting, certain citizens and groups across the nation still remained in a state if disagreement with the freedom granted to African Americans. The years after the civil war revolutionizedRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1309 Words   |  6 PagesIn the summer of 1619, the fir st Africans were brought to Jamestown, Virginia not to live as free settlers but as subordinate slaves. They worked strenuously for Whites, who considered themselves superior to Africans, without much benefit. Racism is not just the belief that one race is superior to others, but the act of negatively identifying individuals based on the color of their skin. Attributing race to individual character has proven to have negative implications that are difficult to mend.Read MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1540 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical backdrop of the United States, African Americans have dependable been victimized. When Africans first came to America, they had no choice but to be slaves. The progressed toward becoming slaves to the rich, covetous, lethargic Americans. African Americans had given no compensation and regularly whipped and beaten. They battled for their opportunity, yet when the Civil War came African Americans had this logic that if they were to join the Ci vil War they could liberate all slaves. HoweverRead MoreAfrican Americans in the Civil War1971 Words   |  8 PagesAnderson HIST 3060 February 25, 13 African Americans and the Civil War The role African Americans played in the outcome, and the road to the outcome of the Civil War was immense. The fact that the south had slaves and the north did not played an enormous role in the issues. The north wanted to abolish slavery, and the south did not and after the war started this became one of the main reasons for the Civil War. Since most African Americans could not read or write, this made them an easyRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War971 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the civil war African Americans hoped that the world they lived in would be an equal one; little did they know they had more struggles to conquer. Three major amendments were passed to provide African Americans with equality; the 13th amendment officially and finally put an end to slavery and any future involuntary servitude, the 14th amendment states that colored men and women were given citizenship, and the 15th amendment gave black men the right to vote. Although these amendments were passed

Joan Miro Example For Students

Joan Miro Biography Biography Joan Mirà ³Ã‚  (1893–1983) Spanish (Catalan) artist, born in Barcelona. Son of a goldsmith, after some years as a clerk, he suffered a breakdown, then devoted himself to art, working as painter, sculptor, lithographer, engraver, ceramicist, costume designer and in stained glass. He worked with the French Dadaists for a time, later joined Andrà © Breton’s Surrealist group and designed settings and costumes for *Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes. His familiar style, internationally recognised from the 1940s, had a variety of influences ranging from Paleolithic cave art   , *Bosch, van *Gogh, *Klee, the Fauves and Cubists, and the experiences of dreams and hallucinations (some induced by hunger). It was an art of hieroglyphs and symbols painted with strokes and spots in primary colours, red, blue, yellow, usually against a green or black background. He preferred to work on a large scale as in his TheWall of the Moon and The Wall of the Sun, in ceramic tiles, for the UNESCO building, Paris (1957) and a mural at Barcelona airport (1969). After 1945 he divided his time between Majorca, Barcelona and Paris.

Understanding Urban Landscapes Essay Essay Example

Understanding Urban Landscapes Essay Essay The outgrowth of modern urban planning is as a consequence of attempts that are directed at turn toing and work outing the societal jobs that result due to the increased rural to urban migration. The figure of persons traveling into urban countries in hunt for better work chances keeps increasing quickly by the twenty-four hours. It has hence become important for alterations to be made and implemented in the manner edifices are designed and planned so as to cover with this state of affairs. The postmodern bend in architecture and planning is nevertheless non equipped good plenty to get by with these societal issues as it merely focuses on peculiar demands. illusions and wants. Modernists’ thought of urban planning and development focal points on large-scale. technologically rational and metropolitan-wide urban programs that are efficient that are characterized by no-frills architecture ( Harvey. 1989 ) . Post modernism architecture alternatively displays a construct of urban planning as a mixture of past signifiers of design superimposed upon each and current utilizations most of which are passing. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Urban Landscapes Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Urban Landscapes Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Urban Landscapes Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The fact that city can merely be commanded in spots has made urban design ( postmodern bend in architecture ) to be merely sensitive to local histories. peculiar societal demands and wants and common traditions therefore bring forthing architectural signifiers that are specialized and extremely customized that scope from may run from confidant and infinites that are personalized through memorials that are traditional to spectacle merriment booming to give appealing and singular architectural manners. Post modern bend in architecture and planning has besides departed from modern be aftering constructs of how infinite is regarded. Modern be aftering perceives infinite as a thing to be shaped and created for societal intents hence ever subservient to societal undertaking building. Postmodern bend in architecture and planning nevertheless perceive infinite as an independent and independent thing that should be shaped in conformity to aesthetic purposes and values which do non needfully hold anything to make with accomplishing a societal nonsubjective except possibly for their timeless beauty ( Relph. 1987 ) . This paper seeks to find if this bend is better equipped to cover with the societal issues for which modern planning was implemented for. It can be comfortably argued that the London act of 1895 laid the foundation for modern planning that emerged on the content. This act regulated the tallness of edifices on specific sites. As old ages went by. alterations and developments were made on the Act which finally led to the geometric unadorned manners that characterize modernism that dominated urban landscapes content all over the universe ( Best A ; Kellner. 1997 ) . Modern planning was implemented to better the life conditions of urban countries. Initially urban planning aimed at work outing jobs that were present in urban countries by beautification of edifices and building of gardens. This did non work out and the aim was shifted to planing and creative activity of good residential houses and vicinities in urban countries. This displacement is really what founded the signifiers and forms of modern metropoliss. Modern urban be aftering emerged as a consequence of industrialisation which caused several people to travel to urban countries where the industries were based in hunt of occupations. Industrialization was blamed for working workers and doing inequalities in life conditions. Persons in urban countries lived in hapless conditions such that they had hapless lodging. exposed to bad air. unequal H2O and hapless wellness Urban planning hence aimed at bettering these conditions and turn toing the societal demands of those who resided in urban countries ( Relph. 1987 ) . This was done through enaction of municipal by-laws that governed and regaled the criterions of edifices. town layouts and mold of industrial towns. The by-laws besides ensured edifice patterns particularly those that concerned fire and general safety of occupants were observed. Minimal criterions were set for door and window sizes. Later. criterions that regulated the breadth of the street between edifices. size of the backyard and tallness of edifices were besides implemented ( Cohen. 1981 ) . As old ages went by and the population in urban countries increased. so were alterations made on the by-laws to suit the immense Numberss. Such alterations were chiefly made on highs of edifices increasing them so that a big figure of persons could be supported on a little country of land. Building patterns that concerned safety and wellness were nevertheless maintained. These programs aimed at keeping general cleanliness and wellness of town inhabitants. They besides went out of the vicinity and sought to guarantee that conveyance was equal and efficient in urban countries. The by-laws regulated how far from the railroad lines and roads the edifices were constructed. Streets and railroad lines were improved and illuming provided to heighten efficiency in going even at dark. These programs directed where stores. schools and other institutes would be located in urban countries. The constructs of these programs have had a great impact on modern urban landscape though non in the manner the early contrivers had hoped for ( full modern civilisation in all facets including societal ) . The impact can merely be seen in the in things such as traffic circles. u-loops. vicinity programs and the unintegrated orderly land-use zones. Their precious hopes and thoughts for Reconstruction of urban Centres and societal reforms have yielded really small. These thoughts have fundamentally either been simplified and turned to theoretical accounts that are either used in schoolrooms. adjusted to planning tools that are extremist for vicinity planning and urban Centre districting. bureaucratically modified. politically adapted for exigencies or eroded so that their application and disposal can be easy. Urban be aftering alternatively of concentrating at run intoing societal demands. it has turned to be a motion whose chief purpose is merely to do metropoliss function expeditiously more in the same as mills do. These alterations therefore resulted to what is now referred to as postmodern bend in architecture and planning. This bend is characterized by cost effectivity where the builders and interior decorators aim at salvaging cost of edifice and doing them low income undertakings. They are characterized by holding flats. stores. establishments such as categories and babe attention centres all in one edifice. This is unlike the thought the early urban contrivers had in head of a good metropolis where these installations were located in a comfy walking distance from residential countries. The job of this design where everything is housed under one roof is that growing through extension by breadth or length can non be achieved. Growth in these edifices is merely possible done generation as they no longer have the rectangular form that was required of all edifices ; they nevertheless are built in conformity with the owners’ desires who want the edifices to be distinctively different from others. This has resulted to the outgrowth of edifices that are of all kinds of forms. Postmodernist architecture and planning is considered non to hold any life as there is no clear differentiation between public environment and private belongings ( Cohen. 1981 ) . This is to connote that it has truly messed up with the environment as it is chiefly characterized by edifices and fencings and as nil is being done to continue the environment. Postmodernist architecture provides no healthy environment to the metropolis inhabitants as was intended by modern urban planning. This bend is really important as it has had a great impact on the lives of people who reside in the urban Centres Harvey. 1989 ) . The current architecture is said to typify poorness which is worse than the slums it is seeking to acquire off from. It is argued that the postmodern bend in architecture and planning does non supply nice lodging and societal proviso ( Best A ; Kellner. 1997 ) . The civilization and civic Centres presented provided by station modern architecture for illustration are argued non to hold all the needed installations such as book shops that are utile to the populace. The interior decorators in postmodern architecture and planning are besides accused of being insensitive to self variegation amongst the metropolis occupants and non doing any attempts towards supplying it as perceive it to be ugly and irrational and that it could do pandemonium. Urban occupants are besides comfy by the absence of self-diversification and seem non to trouble oneself about sing it as a demand. Switch and development in engineering has to a great extent contributed postmodern architecture and planning. It makes it possible for the interior decorators to pass on with clients and orient the designs so that they meet all the maps. cultural gustatory sensations and state of affairss. These interior decorators work to run into all the ends of their clients claiming to encompass democracy and freedom. But so they ignore the struggles that could originate between jurisprudence and democracy and the hits that exist between justness and freedom. The jobs faced by the minorities and those who are unprivileged are normally ignored ( Silver. 1996 ) . Development in communicating engineering and through the postmodern architecture has made it impossible for vicinities to turn to their ain jobs and state of affairss doing it difficult for them to develop. The modern planetary metropoliss have emerged as a consequence of alterations in cooperation. They are designed such that they serve as Centres for concern activities. Most concerns seek to do net incomes therefore will cut on costs in all ways including edifice building in footings of design and functionality. This is one of the grounds as to why most edifices are multi functional ( Johnson. 1970 ) . Postmodernist architecture is market orientated and is non in any equipt to cover with societal issues. It is chiefly focused to run into the desired of the proprietors who do non see the demands of the metropolis inhabitants. The demands of the hapless are non addressed the same manner those of the rich are. Diverse counter cultural elements have besides been ignored by postmodern architecture and planning ( Saskia. 1996 ) . Postmodernist architecture and planning has reduced environmental criterions as it has makes no attempt towards conserving the environment. It besides is private focussed and has no topographic point for the populace. It has made populating conditions in urban countries worse instead than bettering them. This goes particularly for the hapless and minorities whose demands are ever swept under the rug as those of the wealthy are addressed. It can hence be concluded that postmodern bend in architecture and planning is non good equipped to get by with the societal issues that modern urban planning was intended for. Word Count 1650. Mentions Best. S A ; Kellner. D. . ( 1997 ) . The Postmodern Turn. New York. NY Guilford Press. Cohen. R. ( 1981 ) â€Å"The New International Division of Labour. Mulitinational Corporations and Urban Hierarchy† . From M. Dear A ; A. J Scott ( explosive detection systems ) . Urbanization and Urban planning in Capitalist Societies ( 1981 ) . London. Taylor A ; Francis. Harvey. D. ( 1989 ) . Postmodernism in the City: Architecture and Urban Design† in conditions of postmodernity. Oxford. Basil Blackwell. Johnson. E. A ( 1970 ) . The Organization of Space in Developing Countries. Cambridge. Ma: Havard University Press Relph. E. ( 1987 ) . The Invention of Modern Town planning. London. Taylor A ; Francis. Saskia. S. ( 1996 ) . Cities and Communities in the Global Economy from American behavioral scientist. New York. New york: Routledge Silver. C. ( 1996 ) . Planing the Twentieth-century American City. Baltimore. Mendelevium: JHU Press. Global webs. linked metropoliss

Reducing Global Warming through Interior Design Research Paper Example

Reducing Global Warming through Interior Design Research Paper Example Reducing Global Warming through Interior Design Paper Reducing Global Warming through Interior Design Paper Essay Topic: Global Warming The purpose of this study was to examine how interior design can decrease global warming by using alternative methods, and why designers should be concerned about conserve or maintain the environment. Once people in the world confront the same problem about climate, many of them are concerned and attempt to solve it. Global warming seems to affect the vast majority of people in the world. Interior design could help people in the world to reduce this problem by designing with sustainability way. One of the many possible solutions is reducing energy and material use in architectural industry. In this essay at first will explain the definition of global warming, global warming effects on human being and how to decrease or eliminate pollutions in the role of interior designer. Followed by the meaning of sustainable design and green design in term of architecture and interior architecture and the use of efficient materials in design process to less damaging environment, then how designer can use alternative or replacement energy to diminish pollutions. What is global warming? For many years people in the world have noticed problems that are caused by human activities which affect the world. Global warming is raising the earth’s average temperature and climate change. It is fundamentally caused by emission greenhouse gases (GHGs) or burning fossil fuel and deforestation in many countries which produced surplus carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane. In consequence, the vast majority of these gases in the air have reached to the higher rates (Moxon, 2012). Almost 45% of human activities emits greenhouse gas by burning of fossil in maintain buildings use, and the rest is used for transportation and goods for people and buildings (Edwards, 2010). Moreover, natural disasters are caused by increasing of temperature and unstable climate, for instance approximately 80 hurricanes and typhoons happen around the ocean every year (Houghton, 2004). Houghton (2004) shows that destruction of Hurricane Gilbert damaged the island of Jamaica and the coast of Mexico in 1988, Hurricane Andrew made the great damaged in Florida and other cities of the United States in 1992. In addition, in 1998 Honduras and other countries of central America were hit and faced a great devastate by Hurricane Mitch are the unforgettable case (ibid. . Hurricanes or typhoons are not the only disasters which caused by climate change. Floods are also one of the worst disaster that occur after deforestation activity, and it can be more damage to people’s life and land (Houghton, 2004). Houghton (2004) states that there was few example of these disasters happen usually in many countries in the world, in 1988 80% of Bangladesh was covered by flood; floods in Venezuela in 1999 was reached to the highest level and killed 30,000 people. Why is global warming important to human beings? Global warming can affect directly to human beings and people should be concerned about what would happen if this issue disregarded. Rising temperature does not only make the climate uncertainly, also effect of social and ecology system. For instance water resources, the available of fresh water will be substantially changed in a world affected by global warming (Houghton, 2004). Increasing of population in the present is needed water to maintain human beings, people need to use it for producing food, for daily life and for infrastructure (ibid. . Climate change influences agriculture and food supply, crops and animals are suitable to seasonal climate. However, higher temperature is the main affect to growth of crops during the year. It impacts on human beings such as human health, environment is one of the most important factors for human beings, people’s health depends on how good environment do they live with (Houghton, 2004). Although people are able to accommodate and cope with the change of climates, the major effect on them is still the heat in high temperature (ibid. . In metropolis heat waves frequently happen mortality can be raised 2 times or even 3 times in a day (ibid. ). On the other hand, there is some positive side, death rates during the winter time will be decreased (ibid. ). Houghton (2004) states that another impact of climate change on people’s heath is rising of diseases in the world. Some diseases grow in tropical part of the world, but with higher temperature it could be expand to other part of the world. For example, Malaria is a disease that carried by mosquitoes which growing faster in temperature around 15-32 C with 50-60% moisture (ibid. ). Houghton (2004) indicates that Malaria presently a huge health problem in the world, people were inflected around 300 million and killed more that 1 million in a year. Two centuries ago in the atmosphere there were 590 billion tons of CO2 but at present CO2 has risen to 760 billion tons (Edwards, 2010). According to Edwards (2010) it is apparent to design buildings for difference climate at present time. How can design reduce global warming in the role of interior designer? Moxon (2012) claims that building manufactures have massive influence on the nature, designers are able to obviously produce smart contradiction to natural problems during their design options, in fact they have the great duty to do it. Thus, interior designers are particularly familiar with the renovation, refurbishment or even re-built, they should be concerned about sustainability or using efficient materials in design methods. However designers who cannot catch up with this problems, it may obstacle their opportunities to work in the future because at the present, a large number of people in many countries are confronted and trying to solve this problems. According to this point of view designer should study how to decrease energy use but support comfort (Thomas, 2006). For instance, Moxon (2012) shows that the refurbishment of Empire State building in New York diminished energy use by 38%, in addition renovation homes might decrease their energy usage by 80%. Therefore, Edwards (2010) and Turrent (2007) claims that designers should reduce using fossil fuel, damage limitation or harm less environment and design for non-carbon buildings. Green design and Sustainable design Jones (2008) claims that sustainable design implies a massive point of view in environmental obligation, ensuring the prosperity of ecosystem in the world for present and forthcoming era. So sustainable design can also mean design which enlarges the capacity of building in case of using of efficiency energy and materials in blueprint process or construction of the building. Green design defines a minor attitude on human’s condition and wellbeing in the produced environment (Jones, 2008). In addition, this can be defined a buildings and planning to build for reduce using of materials, maintain material supply and improve the capacity of life (Means, 2011). Thus, according to Edwards (2010) sustainable and green buildings are the combination of green and sustainable design into the buildings, this means buildings use efficient materials, alternative energy and reduce level of pollutions. Decreasing the use of energy in buildings can reserve supply and maintenance cost during diminishing the air pollutions (Means, 2011). The use of efficient materials One of the most important task in design development process and enlarging sustainability and efficiency is the selection of materials before construction process (Lawton, 2011). Building construction uses a large number of materials which directly impacts on environment (Edwards, 2010). Many of the processes in design project currently unconsidered the efficiency of materials that means designers waste a large amount of materials they use such as wood, stone and metal. Jones (2008) claims that if they concern more about materials and use materials wisely in their design project then they can help to decrease the level of pollutions. In addition, using inefficiency materials can be worsen resource consumption, changing climate and even people’s health. The greatest simple consequence in using inefficiency materials is natural supply decreasing (Moxon, 2012; Sassi, 2006). Efficiency of materials can also mean reuse, recycle and reduce. Reducing, reusing and recycling materials are included the waste of recovery raze, using salvage materials and certifying which limited materials is efficiency of materials at last part of the design work (Moxon, 2012). The selection of materials are also essential to interior design work, while designers do design process they should be able to choose which materials are suitable for their work. Selecting inefficient materials can effect on environment or waste more energy supply more than it should be. Moreover, the importance of origin materials or where they come from can impact on environment (Thomas, 2006). According to Thomas (2006) shows that England’s forests is being demolished about 10,000 million square meters in nowadays; therefore, the use of materials that should be citified or ensured by appropriate organization. In the UK, embody in construction materials consumed estimate 5-6% of total energy used collated with around 50% of using in buildings (ibid. ). In construction process designers should be concerned about planning to decrease or degrade rubbish (Means, 2011). Rubbish in construction is wasted for 15%-20% and transport to landfills, even though approximate 90% of rubbish is likely to be reusable or recyclable (ibid. ). Alternative energy According to Moxon (2012) the use of energy in buildings is the greatest factor impact on global warming. Nowadays the vast majority of energy producer keep using coal, oil and gas to produce 70% of electricity in the world (ibid. ). It emits greenhouse gas to the atmosphere and causes air pollution contribute to uncertain climate. The reduction of using energy seems to be completed by decreasing energy required, use efficient energy, recycle heat and cold or use energy from external area and the ground (Omer, 2008). Therefore, there are several techniques to reduce the energy needs of the building such as more ventilation to flow indoor air or recycle water in building. Many green buildings installed the solar system and use of solar energy to provide heating or hot water. Even more using solar system can reduce the cost of electricity or gas in the winter. Thus, different type of buildings use difference energy, they needs distinct solar system scheme (Means, 2011). For instance, in the commercial buildings may needs more lighting during the day and daylighting is an essential technique (ibid. ). For hotel, lighting may not be the most important energy but water heating is enormously using because areas are took fundamentally night (ibid. ). Daylight could be another alternative energy. If more glass windows are installed it would be more light and use less of electricity in the daytime. Furthermore glass window can make keep the heat inside for long time. Moxon (2012) claims that the use of the sun’s heat to make interior area warm, decrease or diminish using heating equipment in winter time. The significance of daylight seems to be obviously useful for interior and green building should be equipped sufficient light at all time (Moxon, 2012; Sassi 2006. ). Although surplus light makes overheating in the building and designer attempts to avoid it, thus ventilation and blind design are important to translucent the light (ibid. . Provided ventilation makes air flow into the building for users to generate the energy and eliminate heat or carbon dioxide that users produced (ibid. ). Ventilation is important strategy for massive building for designer to producing cleaner air inside the buildings (Thomas, 2006). Conclusion As has been shown, global warming is likely an important problem at the present. Therefore, there are many possibilities to reduce this problems, one of the many methods is reducing through interior design. Interior design seems to be able to help or decrease by using efficiency materials such as using eco-friendly materials, recycle materials from other part of construction process. Even though the use of alternative energy, for instance the reduction of using energy in the buildings by install more ventilations into the buildings or using of electricity in the day time could be replaced by using of solar system and daylight seems to be important factor for people in the buildings to do some activities productively and also decrease maintenance cost of the buildings. Although this issue has been discussed for many times in the past but it is hard to say that most of interior designers frequently work with an idea to maintain or preserve the environment. In addition, sustainable design and green design are becoming more significant to the buildings, because of in the future most people are concerned about environment and they are trying to consume eco-friendly products or to restore what they have damaged. For another line further research is to study of the importance of the selection of material for interior construction process.

Brief Biography of Sharpshooter Annie Oakley

Brief Biography of Sharpshooter Annie Oakley Blessed with a natural talent for sharp-shooting, Annie Oakley proved herself dominant in a sport that was long considered a mans domain. Oakley was a gifted entertainer as well; her performances with Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show brought international fame, making her one of the most celebrated female performers of her time. Annie Oakleys unique and adventurous life has inspired numerous books and films as well as a popular musical. Annie Oakley was born Phoebe Ann Moses on August 13, 1860 in rural Darke County, Ohio, the fifth daughter of Jacob and Susan Moses. The Moses family had moved to Ohio from Pennsylvania after their business- a small inn- had burned to the ground in 1855. The family lived in a one-room log cabin, surviving on game they caught and crops they grew. Another daughter and a son were born after Phoebe. Annie, as Phoebe was called, was a tomboy who preferred spending time outdoors with her father over household chores and playing with dolls. When Annie was only five, her father died of pneumonia after being caught in a blizzard. Susan Moses struggled to keep her family fed. Annie supplemented their food supply with squirrels and birds that she trapped. At the age of eight, Annie began sneaking out with her fathers old rifle to practice shooting in the woods. She quickly became skilled at killing prey with one shot. By the time Annie was ten, her mother could no longer support the children. Some were sent to neighbors farms; Annie was sent to work at the county poor house. Soon afterward, a family hired her as live-in help in exchange for wages as well as room and board. But the family, who Annie later described as wolves, treated Annie as a slave. They refused to pay her wages and beat her, leaving scars on her back for life. After nearly two years, Annie was able to escape to the nearest train station. A generous stranger paid her train fare home. Annie was reunited with her mother, but only briefly. Because of her dire financial situation, Susan Moses was forced to send Annie back to the county poor house. Making a Living Annie worked at the county poor house for three more years; she then returned to her mothers home at the age of 15. Annie could now resume her favorite pastime- hunting. Some of the game she shot was used to feed her family, but the surplus was sold to general stores and restaurants. Many customers specifically requested Annie’s game because she shot so cleanly (through the head), which eliminated the problem of having to clean buckshot out of the meat. With money coming in regularly, Annie helped her mother pay off the mortgage on their house. For the rest of her life, Annie Oakley made her living with a gun. By the 1870s, target shooting had become a popular sport in the United States. Spectators attended competitions in which shooters fired at live birds, glass balls, or clay disks. Trick shooting, also popular, was usually performed in theaters and involved the risky practice of shooting items out of a colleagues hand or off the top of their head. In rural areas such as where Annie lived, game-shooting competitions were a common form of entertainment. Annie participated in some local turkey shoots but was eventually banned because she always won. Annie entered a pigeon-shooting match in 1881 against a single opponent, unaware that soon her life would change forever. Butler and Oakley Annies opponent in the match was Frank Butler, a sharp-shooter in the circus. He made the 80-mile trek from Cincinnati to rural Greenville, Ohio in the hopes of winning the $100 prize. Frank had been told only that he would be up against a local crack shot. Assuming that his competitor would be a farm boy, Frank was shocked to see the petite, attractive 20-year old Annie Moses. He was even more surprised that she beat him in the match. Frank, ten years older than Annie, was captivated by the quiet young woman. He returned to his tour and the two corresponded by mail for several months. They were married sometime in 1882, but the exact date has never been verified. Once married, Annie traveled with Frank on tour. One evening, Franks partner became ill and Annie took over for him at an indoor theater shoot. The audience loved watching the five-foot-tall woman who easily and expertly handled a heavy rifle. Annie and Frank became partners on the touring circuit, billed as Butler and Oakley. It is not known why Annie picked the name Oakley; possibly it came from the name of a neighborhood in Cincinnati. Annie Meets Sitting Bull Following a performance in St. Paul, Minnesota in March 1894, Annie met Sitting Bull who had been in the audience. The Lakota Sioux Indian chief was infamous as the warrior who had led his men into battle at Little Bighorn at Custers Last Stand in 1876. Although officially a prisoner of the U.S. government, Sitting Bull was allowed to travel and make appearances for money. Once reviled as a savage, he had become the object of fascination. Sitting Bull was impressed by Annies shooting skills, which included shooting the cork off a bottle and hitting the cigar her husband held in his mouth. When the chief met Annie, he reportedly asked if he could adopt her as his daughter. The adoption was not official, but the two became lifelong friends. It was Sitting Bull who bestowed upon Annie the Lakota name Watanya Cicilia, or Little Sure Shot. Buffalo Bill Cody and The Wild West Show In December 1884, Annie and Frank traveled with the circus to New Orleans. An unusually rainy winter forced the circus to close down until summer, leaving Annie and Frank in need of jobs. They approached Buffalo Bill Cody, whose Wild West Show (a combination of rodeo acts and western skits) was also in town. At first, Cody turned them down because he already had several shooting acts and most of them were more famous than Oakley and Butler. In March of 1885, Cody decided to give Annie a chance after his star shooter, world champion Adam Bogardus, quit the show. Cody would hire Annie on a trial basis following an audition in Louisville, Kentucky. Codys business manager arrived early at the park where Annie was practicing prior to the audition. He watched her from afar and was so impressed, he signed her on even before Cody showed up. Annie soon became a featured performer in a solo act. Frank, well aware that Annie was the star in the family, stepped aside and took on a managerial role in her career. Annie dazzled the audience, shooting with speed and precision at moving targets, often while riding a horse. For one of her most impressive stunts, Annie fired backward over her shoulder, using only a table knife to view the reflection of her target. In what became a trademark move, Annie skipped offstage at the end of each performance, ending with a little kick in the air. In 1885, Annies friend Sitting Bull joined the Wild West Show. He would stay one year. The Wild West Tours England In spring of 1887, the Wild West performers- along with horses, buffalo, and elk- set sail for London, England to participate in the celebration of Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee (the fiftieth anniversary of her coronation). The show was immensely popular, prompting even the reclusive queen to attend a special performance. Over a six-month period, the Wild West Show drew more than 2.5 million people to the London appearance alone; thousands more attended in cities outside of London. Annie was adored by the British public, who found her modest demeanor charming. She was showered with gifts- and even proposals- and was the guest of honor at parties and balls. True to her homespun values, Annie refused to wear ball gowns, preferring instead her homemade dresses. Leaving the Show In the meantime, Annies relationship with Cody was becoming increasingly strained, in part because Cody had hired Lillian Smith, a teenaged female sharpshooter. Without giving any explanation, Frank and Annie quit the Wild West Show and returned to New York in December 1887. Annie made a living by competing in shooting competitions, then later joined a newly-formed wild west show, the Pawnee Bill Show. The show was a scaled-down version of Codys show, but Frank and Annie werent happy there. They negotiated a deal with Cody to return to the Wild West Show, which no longer included Annies rival Lillian Smith. Cody’s show returned to Europe in 1889, this time for a three-year tour of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. During this trip, Annie was troubled by the poverty she saw in each country. It was the beginning of her lifelong commitment to donating money to charities and orphanages. Settling Down After years of living out of trunks, Frank and Annie were ready to settle down in a real home during the shows off-season (November through mid-March). They built a house in Nutley, New Jersey and moved into it in December 1893. The couple never had children, but it is unknown whether or not this was by choice. During the winter months, Frank and Annie took vacations in the southern states, where they usually did a lot of hunting. In 1894 Annie was invited by inventor Thomas Edison of nearby West Orange, New Jersey, to be filmed on his new invention, the kinetoscope (a forerunner of the movie camera). The brief film shows Annie Oakley expertly shooting out glass balls mounted on a board, then hitting coins thrown up in the air by her husband. In October 1901, as the Wild West train cars traveled through rural Virginia, troupe members were awakened by a sudden, violent crash. Their train had been hit head-on by another train. Miraculously, none of the people were killed, but about 100 of the shows horses died on impact. Annies hair turned white following the accident, reportedly from the shock. Annie and Frank decided it was time to leave the show. Scandal for Annie Oakley Annie and Frank found work after leaving the Wild West show. Annie, sporting a brown wig to cover her white hair, starred in a play written just for her. The Western Girl played in New Jersey and was well-received but never made it to Broadway. Frank became a salesman for an ammunition company. They were content in their new lives. Everything changed on August 11, 1903, when the Chicago Examiner printed a scandalous story about Annie. According to the story, Annie Oakley had been arrested for stealing to support a cocaine habit. Within days, the story had spread to other newspapers around the country. It was, in fact, a case of mistaken identity. The woman arrested was a performer who had gone by the stage name Any Oakley in a burlesque Wild West show. Anyone familiar with the real Annie Oakley knew that the stories were false, but Annie couldnt let it go. Her reputation had been tarnished. Annie demanded that each and every newspaper print a retraction; some of them did. But that wasnt enough. For the next six years, Annie testified at one trial after another as she sued 55 newspapers for libel. In the end, she won about $800,000, less than she had paid in legal expenses. The entire experience aged Annie greatly, but she felt vindicated. Final Years Annie and Frank kept busy, traveling together to advertise for Franks employer, a cartridge company. Annie participated in exhibitions and shooting tournaments and received offers to join several western shows. She re-entered show business in 1911, joining the Young Buffalo Wild West Show. Even in her 50s, Annie could still draw a crowd. She finally retired from show business for good in 1913. Annie and Frank bought a house in Maryland and spent winters in Pinehurst, North Carolina, where Annie gave free shooting lessons to local women. She also donated her time to raising funds for various charities and hospitals. In November 1922, Annie and Frank were involved in a car accident in which the car flipped over, landing on Annie and fracturing her hip and ankle. She never fully recovered from her injuries, which compelled her to use a cane and a leg brace. In 1924, Annie was diagnosed with pernicious anemia and became increasingly weak and frail. She died on November 3, 1926, at the age of 66. Some have suggested that Annie died from lead poisoning after years of handling lead bullets. Frank Butler, who had also been in poor health, died 18 days later.